Harnessing Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Phenotyping Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Tomato for High Photochemical Efficiency under Water Deficit for Climate Change Resilience

Fluctuations of the weather conditions, due to global climate change, greatly influence plant growth and development, eventually affecting crop yield and quality, but also plant survival. Since water shortage is one of the key risks for the future of agriculture, exploring the capability of crop spe...

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Autores principales:	Ilektra Sperdouli, Ifigeneia Mellidou, Michael Moustakas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) moderate drought stress severe drought stress redox state lipid peroxidation singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/525547f6cfe8486bb2b0e5f2a8559bbe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:525547f6cfe8486bb2b0e5f2a8559bbe2021-11-25T17:15:16ZHarnessing Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Phenotyping Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Tomato for High Photochemical Efficiency under Water Deficit for Climate Change Resilience10.3390/cli91101542225-1154https://doaj.org/article/525547f6cfe8486bb2b0e5f2a8559bbe2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/9/11/154https://doaj.org/toc/2225-1154Fluctuations of the weather conditions, due to global climate change, greatly influence plant growth and development, eventually affecting crop yield and quality, but also plant survival. Since water shortage is one of the key risks for the future of agriculture, exploring the capability of crop species to grow with limited water is therefore fundamental. By using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis, we evaluated the responses of wild tomato accession <i>Solanum pennellii</i> LA0716, <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> cv. Μ82, the introgression line IL12-4 (from cv. M82 Χ LA0716), and the Greek tomato cultivars cv. Santorini and cv. Zakinthos, to moderate drought stress (MoDS) and severe drought stress (SDS), in order to identify the minimum irrigation level for efficient photosynthetic performance. Agronomic traits (plant height, number of leaves and root/shoot biomass), relative water content (RWC), and lipid peroxidation, were also measured. Under almost 50% deficit irrigation, <i>S. pennellii</i> exhibited an enhanced photosynthetic function by displaying a hormetic response of electron transport rate (ETR), due to an increased fraction of open reaction centers, it is suggested to be activated by the low increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A low increase of ROS is regarded to be beneficial by stimulating defense responses and also triggering a more oxidized redox state of quinone A (Q<i><sub>A</sub></i>), corresponding in <i>S. pennellii</i> under 50% deficit irrigation, to the lowest stomatal opening, resulting in reduction of water loss. <i>Solanum</i><i>pennellii</i> was the most tolerant to drought, as it was expected, and could manage to have an adequate photochemical function with almost 30% water regime of well-watered plants. With 50% deficit irrigation, cv. Μ82 and cv. Santorini did not show any difference in photochemical efficiency to control plants and are recommended to be cultivated under deficit irrigation as an effective strategy to enhance agricultural sustainability under a global climate change. We conclude that instead of the previously used <i>Fv</i>/<i>Fm</i> ratio, the redox state of Q<i><sub>A</sub></i>, as it can be estimated by the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter 1 - q<i><sub>L</sub></i><i>,</i> is a better indicator to evaluate photosynthetic efficiency and select drought tolerant cultivars under deficit irrigation.Ilektra SperdouliIfigeneia MellidouMichael MoustakasMDPI AGarticlenon-photochemical quenching (NPQ)moderate drought stresssevere drought stressredox statelipid peroxidationsinglet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>)ScienceQENClimate, Vol 9, Iss 154, p 154 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) moderate drought stress severe drought stress redox state lipid peroxidation singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) Science Q
spellingShingle	non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) moderate drought stress severe drought stress redox state lipid peroxidation singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) Science Q Ilektra Sperdouli Ifigeneia Mellidou Michael Moustakas Harnessing Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Phenotyping Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Tomato for High Photochemical Efficiency under Water Deficit for Climate Change Resilience
description	Fluctuations of the weather conditions, due to global climate change, greatly influence plant growth and development, eventually affecting crop yield and quality, but also plant survival. Since water shortage is one of the key risks for the future of agriculture, exploring the capability of crop species to grow with limited water is therefore fundamental. By using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis, we evaluated the responses of wild tomato accession <i>Solanum pennellii</i> LA0716, <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> cv. Μ82, the introgression line IL12-4 (from cv. M82 Χ LA0716), and the Greek tomato cultivars cv. Santorini and cv. Zakinthos, to moderate drought stress (MoDS) and severe drought stress (SDS), in order to identify the minimum irrigation level for efficient photosynthetic performance. Agronomic traits (plant height, number of leaves and root/shoot biomass), relative water content (RWC), and lipid peroxidation, were also measured. Under almost 50% deficit irrigation, <i>S. pennellii</i> exhibited an enhanced photosynthetic function by displaying a hormetic response of electron transport rate (ETR), due to an increased fraction of open reaction centers, it is suggested to be activated by the low increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A low increase of ROS is regarded to be beneficial by stimulating defense responses and also triggering a more oxidized redox state of quinone A (Q<i><sub>A</sub></i>), corresponding in <i>S. pennellii</i> under 50% deficit irrigation, to the lowest stomatal opening, resulting in reduction of water loss. <i>Solanum</i><i>pennellii</i> was the most tolerant to drought, as it was expected, and could manage to have an adequate photochemical function with almost 30% water regime of well-watered plants. With 50% deficit irrigation, cv. Μ82 and cv. Santorini did not show any difference in photochemical efficiency to control plants and are recommended to be cultivated under deficit irrigation as an effective strategy to enhance agricultural sustainability under a global climate change. We conclude that instead of the previously used <i>Fv</i>/<i>Fm</i> ratio, the redox state of Q<i><sub>A</sub></i>, as it can be estimated by the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter 1 - q<i><sub>L</sub></i><i>,</i> is a better indicator to evaluate photosynthetic efficiency and select drought tolerant cultivars under deficit irrigation.
format	article
author	Ilektra Sperdouli Ifigeneia Mellidou Michael Moustakas
author_facet	Ilektra Sperdouli Ifigeneia Mellidou Michael Moustakas
author_sort	Ilektra Sperdouli
title	Harnessing Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Phenotyping Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Tomato for High Photochemical Efficiency under Water Deficit for Climate Change Resilience
title_short	Harnessing Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Phenotyping Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Tomato for High Photochemical Efficiency under Water Deficit for Climate Change Resilience
title_full	Harnessing Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Phenotyping Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Tomato for High Photochemical Efficiency under Water Deficit for Climate Change Resilience
title_fullStr	Harnessing Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Phenotyping Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Tomato for High Photochemical Efficiency under Water Deficit for Climate Change Resilience
title_full_unstemmed	Harnessing Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Phenotyping Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Tomato for High Photochemical Efficiency under Water Deficit for Climate Change Resilience
title_sort	harnessing chlorophyll fluorescence for phenotyping analysis of wild and cultivated tomato for high photochemical efficiency under water deficit for climate change resilience
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/525547f6cfe8486bb2b0e5f2a8559bbe
work_keys_str_mv	AT ilektrasperdouli harnessingchlorophyllfluorescenceforphenotypinganalysisofwildandcultivatedtomatoforhighphotochemicalefficiencyunderwaterdeficitforclimatechangeresilience AT ifigeneiamellidou harnessingchlorophyllfluorescenceforphenotypinganalysisofwildandcultivatedtomatoforhighphotochemicalefficiencyunderwaterdeficitforclimatechangeresilience AT michaelmoustakas harnessingchlorophyllfluorescenceforphenotypinganalysisofwildandcultivatedtomatoforhighphotochemicalefficiencyunderwaterdeficitforclimatechangeresilience
_version_	1718412587091099648

Harnessing Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Phenotyping Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Tomato for High Photochemical Efficiency under Water Deficit for Climate Change Resilience

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