Investigation of Water Composition on Formation Damage and Related Energy Recovery from Geothermal Reservoirs: Geochemical and Geomechanics Insights

The main challenge in extracting geothermal energy is to overcome issues relating to geothermal reservoirs such as the formation damage and formation fracturing. The objective of this study is to develop an integrated framework that considers the geochemical and geomechanics aspects of a reservoir a...

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Autores principales:	Ilyas Khurshid, Imran Afgan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	water composition formation damage energy recovery carbonate geothermal reservoirs geochemical and geomechanics insights Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/525f3b3a4d134c658dda93448e8aa72a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:525f3b3a4d134c658dda93448e8aa72a2021-11-11T16:07:51ZInvestigation of Water Composition on Formation Damage and Related Energy Recovery from Geothermal Reservoirs: Geochemical and Geomechanics Insights10.3390/en142174151996-1073https://doaj.org/article/525f3b3a4d134c658dda93448e8aa72a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/7415https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073The main challenge in extracting geothermal energy is to overcome issues relating to geothermal reservoirs such as the formation damage and formation fracturing. The objective of this study is to develop an integrated framework that considers the geochemical and geomechanics aspects of a reservoir and characterizes various formation damages such as impairment of formation porosity and permeability, hydraulic fracturing, lowering of formation breakdown pressure, and the associated heat recovery. In this research study, various shallow, deep and high temperature geothermal reservoirs with different formation water compositions were simulated to predict the severity/challenges during water injection in hot geothermal reservoirs. The developed model solves various geochemical reactions and processes that take place during water injection in geothermal reservoirs. The results obtained were then used to investigate the geomechanics aspect of cold-water injection. Our findings presented that the formation temperature, injected water temperature, the concentration of sulfate in the injected water, and its dilution have a noticeable impact on rock dissolution and precipitation. In addition, anhydrite precipitation has a controlling effect on permeability impairment in the investigated case study. It was observed that the dilution of water could decrease formation of scale while the injection of sulfate rich water could intensify scale precipitation. Thus, the reservoir permeability could decrease to a critical level, where the production of hot water reduces and the generation of geothermal energy no longer remains economical. It evident that injection of incompatible water would decrease the formation porosity. Thus, the geomechanics investigation was performed to determine the effect of porosity decrease. It was found that for the 50% porosity reduction case, the initial formation breakdown pressure reduced from 2588 psi to 2586 psi, and for the 75% porosity reduction case it decreased to 2584 psi. Thus, geochemical based formation damage is significant but geomechanics based formation fracturing is insignificant in the selected case study. We propose that water composition should be designed to minimize damage and that high water injection pressures in shallow reservoirs should be avoided.Ilyas KhurshidImran AfganMDPI AGarticlewater compositionformation damageenergy recoverycarbonate geothermal reservoirsgeochemical and geomechanics insightsTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7415, p 7415 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	water composition formation damage energy recovery carbonate geothermal reservoirs geochemical and geomechanics insights Technology T
spellingShingle	water composition formation damage energy recovery carbonate geothermal reservoirs geochemical and geomechanics insights Technology T Ilyas Khurshid Imran Afgan Investigation of Water Composition on Formation Damage and Related Energy Recovery from Geothermal Reservoirs: Geochemical and Geomechanics Insights
description	The main challenge in extracting geothermal energy is to overcome issues relating to geothermal reservoirs such as the formation damage and formation fracturing. The objective of this study is to develop an integrated framework that considers the geochemical and geomechanics aspects of a reservoir and characterizes various formation damages such as impairment of formation porosity and permeability, hydraulic fracturing, lowering of formation breakdown pressure, and the associated heat recovery. In this research study, various shallow, deep and high temperature geothermal reservoirs with different formation water compositions were simulated to predict the severity/challenges during water injection in hot geothermal reservoirs. The developed model solves various geochemical reactions and processes that take place during water injection in geothermal reservoirs. The results obtained were then used to investigate the geomechanics aspect of cold-water injection. Our findings presented that the formation temperature, injected water temperature, the concentration of sulfate in the injected water, and its dilution have a noticeable impact on rock dissolution and precipitation. In addition, anhydrite precipitation has a controlling effect on permeability impairment in the investigated case study. It was observed that the dilution of water could decrease formation of scale while the injection of sulfate rich water could intensify scale precipitation. Thus, the reservoir permeability could decrease to a critical level, where the production of hot water reduces and the generation of geothermal energy no longer remains economical. It evident that injection of incompatible water would decrease the formation porosity. Thus, the geomechanics investigation was performed to determine the effect of porosity decrease. It was found that for the 50% porosity reduction case, the initial formation breakdown pressure reduced from 2588 psi to 2586 psi, and for the 75% porosity reduction case it decreased to 2584 psi. Thus, geochemical based formation damage is significant but geomechanics based formation fracturing is insignificant in the selected case study. We propose that water composition should be designed to minimize damage and that high water injection pressures in shallow reservoirs should be avoided.
format	article
author	Ilyas Khurshid Imran Afgan
author_facet	Ilyas Khurshid Imran Afgan
author_sort	Ilyas Khurshid
title	Investigation of Water Composition on Formation Damage and Related Energy Recovery from Geothermal Reservoirs: Geochemical and Geomechanics Insights
title_short	Investigation of Water Composition on Formation Damage and Related Energy Recovery from Geothermal Reservoirs: Geochemical and Geomechanics Insights
title_full	Investigation of Water Composition on Formation Damage and Related Energy Recovery from Geothermal Reservoirs: Geochemical and Geomechanics Insights
title_fullStr	Investigation of Water Composition on Formation Damage and Related Energy Recovery from Geothermal Reservoirs: Geochemical and Geomechanics Insights
title_full_unstemmed	Investigation of Water Composition on Formation Damage and Related Energy Recovery from Geothermal Reservoirs: Geochemical and Geomechanics Insights
title_sort	investigation of water composition on formation damage and related energy recovery from geothermal reservoirs: geochemical and geomechanics insights
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/525f3b3a4d134c658dda93448e8aa72a
work_keys_str_mv	AT ilyaskhurshid investigationofwatercompositiononformationdamageandrelatedenergyrecoveryfromgeothermalreservoirsgeochemicalandgeomechanicsinsights AT imranafgan investigationofwatercompositiononformationdamageandrelatedenergyrecoveryfromgeothermalreservoirsgeochemicalandgeomechanicsinsights
_version_	1718432412534308864

Investigation of Water Composition on Formation Damage and Related Energy Recovery from Geothermal Reservoirs: Geochemical and Geomechanics Insights

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