The gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes status in the Multiethnic Cohort.

<h4>Background</h4>The gut microbiome may play a role in inflammation associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. This cross-sectional study examined its relation with glycemic status within a subset of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and estimated the association of circulating bact...

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Autores principales:	Gertraud Maskarinec, Phyllis Raquinio, Bruce S Kristal, Veronica W Setiawan, Lynne R Wilkens, Adrian A Franke, Unhee Lim, Loïc Le Marchand, Timothy W Randolph, Johanna W Lampe, Meredith A J Hullar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5267dcdebb2e4c11a87671af2e458496
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5267dcdebb2e4c11a87671af2e4584962021-12-02T20:03:50ZThe gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes status in the Multiethnic Cohort.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0250855https://doaj.org/article/5267dcdebb2e4c11a87671af2e4584962021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250855https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The gut microbiome may play a role in inflammation associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. This cross-sectional study examined its relation with glycemic status within a subset of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and estimated the association of circulating bacterial endotoxin (measured as plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP)) with T2D, which may be mediated by C-reactive protein (CRP).<h4>Methods</h4>In 2013-16, cohort members from five ethnic groups completed clinic visits, questionnaires, and stool and blood collections. Participants with self-reported T2D and/or taking medication were considered T2D cases. Those with fasting glucose >125 and 100-125 mg/dL were classified as undiagnosed (UT2D) and pre-diabetes (PT2D) cases, respectively. We characterized the gut microbiome through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and measured plasma LBP and CRP by standard assays. Linear regression was applied to estimate associations of the gut microbiome community structure and LBP with T2D status adjusting for relevant confounders.<h4>Results</h4>Among 1,702 participants (59.9-77.4 years), 735 (43%) were normoglycemic (NG), 506 (30%) PT2D, 154 (9%) UT2D, and 307 (18%) T2D. The Shannon diversity index decreased (ptrend = 0.05), while endotoxin, measured as LBP, increased (ptrend = 0.0003) from NG to T2D. Of 10 phyla, Actinobacteria (ptrend = 0.007), Firmicutes (ptrend = 0.003), and Synergistetes (ptrend = 0.02) were inversely associated and Lentisphaerae (ptrend = 0.01) was positively associated with T2D status. Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Lachnospira, and Peptostreptococcaceae were less, while Escherichia-Shigella and Lachnospiraceae were more abundant among T2D patients, but the associations with Actinobacteria, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and Escherichia-Shigella may be due metformin use. PT2D/UT2D values were closer to NG than T2D. No indication was detected that CRP mediated the association of LBP with T2D.<h4>Conclusions</h4>T2D but not PT2D/UT2D status was associated with lower abundance of SCFA-producing genera and a higher abundance of gram-negative endotoxin-producing bacteria suggesting that the gut microbiome may contribute to chronic systemic inflammation and T2D through bacterial translocation.Gertraud MaskarinecPhyllis RaquinioBruce S KristalVeronica W SetiawanLynne R WilkensAdrian A FrankeUnhee LimLoïc Le MarchandTimothy W RandolphJohanna W LampeMeredith A J HullarPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e0250855 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gertraud Maskarinec Phyllis Raquinio Bruce S Kristal Veronica W Setiawan Lynne R Wilkens Adrian A Franke Unhee Lim Loïc Le Marchand Timothy W Randolph Johanna W Lampe Meredith A J Hullar The gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes status in the Multiethnic Cohort.
description	<h4>Background</h4>The gut microbiome may play a role in inflammation associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. This cross-sectional study examined its relation with glycemic status within a subset of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and estimated the association of circulating bacterial endotoxin (measured as plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP)) with T2D, which may be mediated by C-reactive protein (CRP).<h4>Methods</h4>In 2013-16, cohort members from five ethnic groups completed clinic visits, questionnaires, and stool and blood collections. Participants with self-reported T2D and/or taking medication were considered T2D cases. Those with fasting glucose >125 and 100-125 mg/dL were classified as undiagnosed (UT2D) and pre-diabetes (PT2D) cases, respectively. We characterized the gut microbiome through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and measured plasma LBP and CRP by standard assays. Linear regression was applied to estimate associations of the gut microbiome community structure and LBP with T2D status adjusting for relevant confounders.<h4>Results</h4>Among 1,702 participants (59.9-77.4 years), 735 (43%) were normoglycemic (NG), 506 (30%) PT2D, 154 (9%) UT2D, and 307 (18%) T2D. The Shannon diversity index decreased (ptrend = 0.05), while endotoxin, measured as LBP, increased (ptrend = 0.0003) from NG to T2D. Of 10 phyla, Actinobacteria (ptrend = 0.007), Firmicutes (ptrend = 0.003), and Synergistetes (ptrend = 0.02) were inversely associated and Lentisphaerae (ptrend = 0.01) was positively associated with T2D status. Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Lachnospira, and Peptostreptococcaceae were less, while Escherichia-Shigella and Lachnospiraceae were more abundant among T2D patients, but the associations with Actinobacteria, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and Escherichia-Shigella may be due metformin use. PT2D/UT2D values were closer to NG than T2D. No indication was detected that CRP mediated the association of LBP with T2D.<h4>Conclusions</h4>T2D but not PT2D/UT2D status was associated with lower abundance of SCFA-producing genera and a higher abundance of gram-negative endotoxin-producing bacteria suggesting that the gut microbiome may contribute to chronic systemic inflammation and T2D through bacterial translocation.
format	article
author	Gertraud Maskarinec Phyllis Raquinio Bruce S Kristal Veronica W Setiawan Lynne R Wilkens Adrian A Franke Unhee Lim Loïc Le Marchand Timothy W Randolph Johanna W Lampe Meredith A J Hullar
author_facet	Gertraud Maskarinec Phyllis Raquinio Bruce S Kristal Veronica W Setiawan Lynne R Wilkens Adrian A Franke Unhee Lim Loïc Le Marchand Timothy W Randolph Johanna W Lampe Meredith A J Hullar
author_sort	Gertraud Maskarinec
title	The gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes status in the Multiethnic Cohort.
title_short	The gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes status in the Multiethnic Cohort.
title_full	The gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes status in the Multiethnic Cohort.
title_fullStr	The gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes status in the Multiethnic Cohort.
title_full_unstemmed	The gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes status in the Multiethnic Cohort.
title_sort	gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes status in the multiethnic cohort.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5267dcdebb2e4c11a87671af2e458496
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The gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes status in the Multiethnic Cohort.

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