Tent versus Mask-On Acute Effects during Repeated-Sprint Training in Normobaric Hypoxia and Normoxia

Repeated sprint in hypoxia (RSH) is used to improve supramaximal cycling capacity, but little is known about the potential differences between different systems for creating normobaric hypoxia, such as a chamber, tent, or mask. This study aimed to compare the environmental (carbon dioxide (CO<sub...

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Autores principales:	Aldo A. Vasquez-Bonilla, Daniel Rojas-Valverde, Adrián González-Custodio, Rafael Timón, Guillermo Olcina
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	hypercapnia cycling oxygen saturation CO<sub>2</sub> endurance hypoxemia Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5275d0fff0c7477f9698942a71c365ff
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5275d0fff0c7477f9698942a71c365ff2021-11-11T17:32:14ZTent versus Mask-On Acute Effects during Repeated-Sprint Training in Normobaric Hypoxia and Normoxia10.3390/jcm102148792077-0383https://doaj.org/article/5275d0fff0c7477f9698942a71c365ff2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/21/4879https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383Repeated sprint in hypoxia (RSH) is used to improve supramaximal cycling capacity, but little is known about the potential differences between different systems for creating normobaric hypoxia, such as a chamber, tent, or mask. This study aimed to compare the environmental (carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and wet-globe bulb temperature (WGBT)), perceptual (pain, respiratory difficulty, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE)), and external (peak and mean power output) and internal (peak heart rate (HRpeak), muscle oxygen saturation (SmO<sub>2</sub>), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>), blood lactate and glucose) workload acute effects of an RSH session when performed inside a tent versus using a mask. Twelve well-trained cyclists (age = 29 ± 9.8 years, VO<sub>2</sub>max = 70.3 ± 5.9 mL/kg/min) participated in this single-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Participants completed four sessions of three sets of five repetitions × 10 s:20 s (180 s rest between series) of all-out in different conditions: normoxia in a tent (RSNTent) and mask-on (RSNMask), and normobaric hypoxia in a tent (RSHTent) and mask-on (RSHMask). CO<sub>2</sub> and WGBT levels increased steadily in all conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and were lower when using a mask (RSNMask and RSHMask) than when inside a tent (RSHTent and RSNTent) (<i>p</i> < 0.01). RSHTent presented lower SpO<sub>2</sub> than the other three conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and hypoxic conditions presented lower SpO<sub>2</sub> than normoxic ones (<i>p</i> < 0.05). HRpeak, RPE, blood lactate, and blood glucose increased throughout the training, as expected. RSH could lead to acute conditions such as hypoxemia, which may be exacerbated when using a tent to simulate hypoxia compared to a mask-based system.Aldo A. Vasquez-BonillaDaniel Rojas-ValverdeAdrián González-CustodioRafael TimónGuillermo OlcinaMDPI AGarticlehypercapniacyclingoxygen saturationCO<sub>2</sub>endurancehypoxemiaMedicineRENJournal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 4879, p 4879 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hypercapnia cycling oxygen saturation CO<sub>2</sub> endurance hypoxemia Medicine R
spellingShingle	hypercapnia cycling oxygen saturation CO<sub>2</sub> endurance hypoxemia Medicine R Aldo A. Vasquez-Bonilla Daniel Rojas-Valverde Adrián González-Custodio Rafael Timón Guillermo Olcina Tent versus Mask-On Acute Effects during Repeated-Sprint Training in Normobaric Hypoxia and Normoxia
description	Repeated sprint in hypoxia (RSH) is used to improve supramaximal cycling capacity, but little is known about the potential differences between different systems for creating normobaric hypoxia, such as a chamber, tent, or mask. This study aimed to compare the environmental (carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and wet-globe bulb temperature (WGBT)), perceptual (pain, respiratory difficulty, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE)), and external (peak and mean power output) and internal (peak heart rate (HRpeak), muscle oxygen saturation (SmO<sub>2</sub>), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>), blood lactate and glucose) workload acute effects of an RSH session when performed inside a tent versus using a mask. Twelve well-trained cyclists (age = 29 ± 9.8 years, VO<sub>2</sub>max = 70.3 ± 5.9 mL/kg/min) participated in this single-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Participants completed four sessions of three sets of five repetitions × 10 s:20 s (180 s rest between series) of all-out in different conditions: normoxia in a tent (RSNTent) and mask-on (RSNMask), and normobaric hypoxia in a tent (RSHTent) and mask-on (RSHMask). CO<sub>2</sub> and WGBT levels increased steadily in all conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and were lower when using a mask (RSNMask and RSHMask) than when inside a tent (RSHTent and RSNTent) (<i>p</i> < 0.01). RSHTent presented lower SpO<sub>2</sub> than the other three conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and hypoxic conditions presented lower SpO<sub>2</sub> than normoxic ones (<i>p</i> < 0.05). HRpeak, RPE, blood lactate, and blood glucose increased throughout the training, as expected. RSH could lead to acute conditions such as hypoxemia, which may be exacerbated when using a tent to simulate hypoxia compared to a mask-based system.
format	article
author	Aldo A. Vasquez-Bonilla Daniel Rojas-Valverde Adrián González-Custodio Rafael Timón Guillermo Olcina
author_facet	Aldo A. Vasquez-Bonilla Daniel Rojas-Valverde Adrián González-Custodio Rafael Timón Guillermo Olcina
author_sort	Aldo A. Vasquez-Bonilla
title	Tent versus Mask-On Acute Effects during Repeated-Sprint Training in Normobaric Hypoxia and Normoxia
title_short	Tent versus Mask-On Acute Effects during Repeated-Sprint Training in Normobaric Hypoxia and Normoxia
title_full	Tent versus Mask-On Acute Effects during Repeated-Sprint Training in Normobaric Hypoxia and Normoxia
title_fullStr	Tent versus Mask-On Acute Effects during Repeated-Sprint Training in Normobaric Hypoxia and Normoxia
title_full_unstemmed	Tent versus Mask-On Acute Effects during Repeated-Sprint Training in Normobaric Hypoxia and Normoxia
title_sort	tent versus mask-on acute effects during repeated-sprint training in normobaric hypoxia and normoxia
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5275d0fff0c7477f9698942a71c365ff
work_keys_str_mv	AT aldoavasquezbonilla tentversusmaskonacuteeffectsduringrepeatedsprinttraininginnormobarichypoxiaandnormoxia AT danielrojasvalverde tentversusmaskonacuteeffectsduringrepeatedsprinttraininginnormobarichypoxiaandnormoxia AT adriangonzalezcustodio tentversusmaskonacuteeffectsduringrepeatedsprinttraininginnormobarichypoxiaandnormoxia AT rafaeltimon tentversusmaskonacuteeffectsduringrepeatedsprinttraininginnormobarichypoxiaandnormoxia AT guillermoolcina tentversusmaskonacuteeffectsduringrepeatedsprinttraininginnormobarichypoxiaandnormoxia
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Tent versus Mask-On Acute Effects during Repeated-Sprint Training in Normobaric Hypoxia and Normoxia

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