Brain structural plasticity with spaceflight

Abstract Humans undergo extensive sensorimotor adaptation during spaceflight due to altered vestibular inputs and body unloading. No studies have yet evaluated the effects of spaceflight on human brain structure despite the fact that recently reported optic nerve structural changes are hypothesized...

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Autores principales:	Vincent Koppelmans, Jacob J Bloomberg, Ajitkumar P Mulavara, Rachael D Seidler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2016
Materias:	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Physiology QP1-981
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5299a4bde019412ead8ae352ac27dbe8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5299a4bde019412ead8ae352ac27dbe82021-12-02T12:30:49ZBrain structural plasticity with spaceflight10.1038/s41526-016-0001-92373-8065https://doaj.org/article/5299a4bde019412ead8ae352ac27dbe82016-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-016-0001-9https://doaj.org/toc/2373-8065Abstract Humans undergo extensive sensorimotor adaptation during spaceflight due to altered vestibular inputs and body unloading. No studies have yet evaluated the effects of spaceflight on human brain structure despite the fact that recently reported optic nerve structural changes are hypothesized to occur due to increased intracranial pressure occurring with microgravity. This is the first report on human brain structural changes with spaceflight. We evaluated retrospective longitudinal T2-weighted MRI scans and balance data from 27 astronauts (thirteen ~2-week shuttle crew members and fourteen ~6-month International Space Station crew members) to determine spaceflight effects on brain structure, and whether any pre to postflight brain changes are associated with balance changes. Data were obtained from the NASA Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health. Brain scans were segmented into gray matter maps and normalized into MNI space using a stepwise approach through subject specific templates. Non-parametric permutation testing was used to analyze pre to postflight volumetric gray matter changes. We found extensive volumetric gray matter decreases, including large areas covering the temporal and frontal poles and around the orbits. This effect was larger in International Space Station versus shuttle crew members in some regions. There were bilateral focal gray matter increases within the medial primary somatosensory and motor cortex; i.e., the cerebral areas where the lower limbs are represented. These intriguing findings are observed in a retrospective data set; future prospective studies should probe the underlying mechanisms and behavioral consequences.Vincent KoppelmansJacob J BloombergAjitkumar P MulavaraRachael D SeidlerNature PortfolioarticleBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65PhysiologyQP1-981ENnpj Microgravity, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Physiology QP1-981
spellingShingle	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Physiology QP1-981 Vincent Koppelmans Jacob J Bloomberg Ajitkumar P Mulavara Rachael D Seidler Brain structural plasticity with spaceflight
description	Abstract Humans undergo extensive sensorimotor adaptation during spaceflight due to altered vestibular inputs and body unloading. No studies have yet evaluated the effects of spaceflight on human brain structure despite the fact that recently reported optic nerve structural changes are hypothesized to occur due to increased intracranial pressure occurring with microgravity. This is the first report on human brain structural changes with spaceflight. We evaluated retrospective longitudinal T2-weighted MRI scans and balance data from 27 astronauts (thirteen ~2-week shuttle crew members and fourteen ~6-month International Space Station crew members) to determine spaceflight effects on brain structure, and whether any pre to postflight brain changes are associated with balance changes. Data were obtained from the NASA Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health. Brain scans were segmented into gray matter maps and normalized into MNI space using a stepwise approach through subject specific templates. Non-parametric permutation testing was used to analyze pre to postflight volumetric gray matter changes. We found extensive volumetric gray matter decreases, including large areas covering the temporal and frontal poles and around the orbits. This effect was larger in International Space Station versus shuttle crew members in some regions. There were bilateral focal gray matter increases within the medial primary somatosensory and motor cortex; i.e., the cerebral areas where the lower limbs are represented. These intriguing findings are observed in a retrospective data set; future prospective studies should probe the underlying mechanisms and behavioral consequences.
format	article
author	Vincent Koppelmans Jacob J Bloomberg Ajitkumar P Mulavara Rachael D Seidler
author_facet	Vincent Koppelmans Jacob J Bloomberg Ajitkumar P Mulavara Rachael D Seidler
author_sort	Vincent Koppelmans
title	Brain structural plasticity with spaceflight
title_short	Brain structural plasticity with spaceflight
title_full	Brain structural plasticity with spaceflight
title_fullStr	Brain structural plasticity with spaceflight
title_full_unstemmed	Brain structural plasticity with spaceflight
title_sort	brain structural plasticity with spaceflight
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/5299a4bde019412ead8ae352ac27dbe8
work_keys_str_mv	AT vincentkoppelmans brainstructuralplasticitywithspaceflight AT jacobjbloomberg brainstructuralplasticitywithspaceflight AT ajitkumarpmulavara brainstructuralplasticitywithspaceflight AT rachaeldseidler brainstructuralplasticitywithspaceflight
_version_	1718394335510134784

Brain structural plasticity with spaceflight

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