Interannual variability of the frequency of MJO phases and its association with two types of ENSO

Abstract In this study, we reexamine the effect of two types of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modes on Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) activity in terms of the frequency of MJO phases. Evaluating all-season data, we identify two dominant zonal patterns of MJO frequency exhibiting prominent int...

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Autores principales:	Panini Dasgupta, M. K. Roxy, Rajib Chattopadhyay, C. V. Naidu, Abirlal Metya
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/52a4c65a937c4e36aa70007fdd544683
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:52a4c65a937c4e36aa70007fdd5446832021-12-02T15:02:57ZInterannual variability of the frequency of MJO phases and its association with two types of ENSO10.1038/s41598-021-91060-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/52a4c65a937c4e36aa70007fdd5446832021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91060-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In this study, we reexamine the effect of two types of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modes on Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) activity in terms of the frequency of MJO phases. Evaluating all-season data, we identify two dominant zonal patterns of MJO frequency exhibiting prominent interannual variability. These patterns are structurally similar to the Wheeler and Hendon (Mon. Weather Rev. 132:1917–1932, 2004) RMM1 and RMM2 spatial patterns. The first pattern explains a higher frequency of MJO activity over the Maritime Continent and a lower frequency over the central Pacific Ocean and the western Indian Ocean, or vice versa. The second pattern is associated with a higher frequency of MJO active days over the eastern Indian Ocean and a lower frequency over the western Pacific, or vice versa. We find that these two types of MJO frequency patterns are related to the central Pacific and eastern Pacific ENSO modes. From the positive to the negative ENSO (central Pacific or eastern Pacific) phases, the respective MJO frequency patterns change their sign. The MJO frequency patterns are the lag response of the underlying ocean state. The coupling between ocean and atmosphere is exceedingly complex. The first MJO frequency pattern is most prominent during the negative central-Pacific (CP-type) ENSO phases (specifically during September–November and December-February seasons). The second MJO frequency pattern is most evident during the positive eastern-Pacific (EP-type) ENSO phases (specifically during March–May, June–August and September–November). Different zonal circulation patterns during CP-type and EP-type ENSO phases alter the mean moisture distribution throughout the tropics. The horizontal convergence of mean background moisture through intraseasonal winds are responsible for the MJO frequency anomalies during the two types of ENSO phases. The results here show how the MJO activity gets modulated on a regional scale in the presence of two types of ENSO events and can be useful in anticipating the seasonal MJO conditions from a predicted ENSO state.Panini DasguptaM. K. RoxyRajib ChattopadhyayC. V. NaiduAbirlal MetyaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Panini Dasgupta M. K. Roxy Rajib Chattopadhyay C. V. Naidu Abirlal Metya Interannual variability of the frequency of MJO phases and its association with two types of ENSO
description	Abstract In this study, we reexamine the effect of two types of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modes on Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) activity in terms of the frequency of MJO phases. Evaluating all-season data, we identify two dominant zonal patterns of MJO frequency exhibiting prominent interannual variability. These patterns are structurally similar to the Wheeler and Hendon (Mon. Weather Rev. 132:1917–1932, 2004) RMM1 and RMM2 spatial patterns. The first pattern explains a higher frequency of MJO activity over the Maritime Continent and a lower frequency over the central Pacific Ocean and the western Indian Ocean, or vice versa. The second pattern is associated with a higher frequency of MJO active days over the eastern Indian Ocean and a lower frequency over the western Pacific, or vice versa. We find that these two types of MJO frequency patterns are related to the central Pacific and eastern Pacific ENSO modes. From the positive to the negative ENSO (central Pacific or eastern Pacific) phases, the respective MJO frequency patterns change their sign. The MJO frequency patterns are the lag response of the underlying ocean state. The coupling between ocean and atmosphere is exceedingly complex. The first MJO frequency pattern is most prominent during the negative central-Pacific (CP-type) ENSO phases (specifically during September–November and December-February seasons). The second MJO frequency pattern is most evident during the positive eastern-Pacific (EP-type) ENSO phases (specifically during March–May, June–August and September–November). Different zonal circulation patterns during CP-type and EP-type ENSO phases alter the mean moisture distribution throughout the tropics. The horizontal convergence of mean background moisture through intraseasonal winds are responsible for the MJO frequency anomalies during the two types of ENSO phases. The results here show how the MJO activity gets modulated on a regional scale in the presence of two types of ENSO events and can be useful in anticipating the seasonal MJO conditions from a predicted ENSO state.
format	article
author	Panini Dasgupta M. K. Roxy Rajib Chattopadhyay C. V. Naidu Abirlal Metya
author_facet	Panini Dasgupta M. K. Roxy Rajib Chattopadhyay C. V. Naidu Abirlal Metya
author_sort	Panini Dasgupta
title	Interannual variability of the frequency of MJO phases and its association with two types of ENSO
title_short	Interannual variability of the frequency of MJO phases and its association with two types of ENSO
title_full	Interannual variability of the frequency of MJO phases and its association with two types of ENSO
title_fullStr	Interannual variability of the frequency of MJO phases and its association with two types of ENSO
title_full_unstemmed	Interannual variability of the frequency of MJO phases and its association with two types of ENSO
title_sort	interannual variability of the frequency of mjo phases and its association with two types of enso
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/52a4c65a937c4e36aa70007fdd544683
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Interannual variability of the frequency of MJO phases and its association with two types of ENSO

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