Sea-Level Variability in the Arabian Gulf in Comparison with Global Oceans

The availability of nearly three decades of sea-level estimates from satellite altimetry, for the period from 1993 to the present, is exploited for understanding the climatology of sea level and its long-term variability in the Arabian Gulf (also known as the Persian Gulf) in comparison with global...

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Autores principales:	Abdullah M. Al-Subhi, Cheriyeri P. Abdulla
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Arabian Gulf long-term sea level climate modes sea-level trend satellite altimetry Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/52aab06a071e4ae59eb58a96dcdcf985
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:52aab06a071e4ae59eb58a96dcdcf985
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:52aab06a071e4ae59eb58a96dcdcf9852021-11-25T18:53:54ZSea-Level Variability in the Arabian Gulf in Comparison with Global Oceans10.3390/rs132245242072-4292https://doaj.org/article/52aab06a071e4ae59eb58a96dcdcf9852021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4524https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292The availability of nearly three decades of sea-level estimates from satellite altimetry, for the period from 1993 to the present, is exploited for understanding the climatology of sea level and its long-term variability in the Arabian Gulf (also known as the Persian Gulf) in comparison with global oceans. The Arabian Gulf is characterized by a lower sea level from February to May and a higher sea level from September to December, with a maximum in November and a minimum in April. The variability of sea level in the Arabian Gulf is significantly different and nearly opposite to the pattern of sea-level changes in the adjacent marginal basin, the Red Sea. The analysis of low-passed sea level using the empirical orthogonal function and principal component analysis showed that the first mode of variability explains 87.9% of the long-term variability and the second mode explains nearly half of the remaining variability (5.6%). The linear long-term trends in sea level are 2.58 mm/year for the Northern Arabian Gulf and 3.14 mm/year for its southern part, with an average of 2.92 mm/year for the entire Gulf. The analysis of sea level in the Arabian Sea showed a faster rate of sea level rise in the post-2000 period. The long-term linear trend for the post-2000 period in the Northern Arabian Gulf is 4.06 mm/year, and in the southern Gulf it is 4.44 mm/year, with an average trend of 4.29 mm/year. Under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios, the numerical projections show an expected rise in sea level in the Arabian Gulf by 8.1, 1.3, and 6.8 cm by 2050, and by 16.9, 17.7, 39.1 cm, respectively by the end of the 21st century.Abdullah M. Al-SubhiCheriyeri P. AbdullaMDPI AGarticleArabian Gulflong-term sea levelclimate modessea-level trendsatellite altimetryScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4524, p 4524 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arabian Gulf long-term sea level climate modes sea-level trend satellite altimetry Science Q
spellingShingle	Arabian Gulf long-term sea level climate modes sea-level trend satellite altimetry Science Q Abdullah M. Al-Subhi Cheriyeri P. Abdulla Sea-Level Variability in the Arabian Gulf in Comparison with Global Oceans
description	The availability of nearly three decades of sea-level estimates from satellite altimetry, for the period from 1993 to the present, is exploited for understanding the climatology of sea level and its long-term variability in the Arabian Gulf (also known as the Persian Gulf) in comparison with global oceans. The Arabian Gulf is characterized by a lower sea level from February to May and a higher sea level from September to December, with a maximum in November and a minimum in April. The variability of sea level in the Arabian Gulf is significantly different and nearly opposite to the pattern of sea-level changes in the adjacent marginal basin, the Red Sea. The analysis of low-passed sea level using the empirical orthogonal function and principal component analysis showed that the first mode of variability explains 87.9% of the long-term variability and the second mode explains nearly half of the remaining variability (5.6%). The linear long-term trends in sea level are 2.58 mm/year for the Northern Arabian Gulf and 3.14 mm/year for its southern part, with an average of 2.92 mm/year for the entire Gulf. The analysis of sea level in the Arabian Sea showed a faster rate of sea level rise in the post-2000 period. The long-term linear trend for the post-2000 period in the Northern Arabian Gulf is 4.06 mm/year, and in the southern Gulf it is 4.44 mm/year, with an average trend of 4.29 mm/year. Under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios, the numerical projections show an expected rise in sea level in the Arabian Gulf by 8.1, 1.3, and 6.8 cm by 2050, and by 16.9, 17.7, 39.1 cm, respectively by the end of the 21st century.
format	article
author	Abdullah M. Al-Subhi Cheriyeri P. Abdulla
author_facet	Abdullah M. Al-Subhi Cheriyeri P. Abdulla
author_sort	Abdullah M. Al-Subhi
title	Sea-Level Variability in the Arabian Gulf in Comparison with Global Oceans
title_short	Sea-Level Variability in the Arabian Gulf in Comparison with Global Oceans
title_full	Sea-Level Variability in the Arabian Gulf in Comparison with Global Oceans
title_fullStr	Sea-Level Variability in the Arabian Gulf in Comparison with Global Oceans
title_full_unstemmed	Sea-Level Variability in the Arabian Gulf in Comparison with Global Oceans
title_sort	sea-level variability in the arabian gulf in comparison with global oceans
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/52aab06a071e4ae59eb58a96dcdcf985
work_keys_str_mv	AT abdullahmalsubhi sealevelvariabilityinthearabiangulfincomparisonwithglobaloceans AT cheriyeripabdulla sealevelvariabilityinthearabiangulfincomparisonwithglobaloceans
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Sea-Level Variability in the Arabian Gulf in Comparison with Global Oceans

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