Olfactory responsiveness of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Interactions between species, age and attractants

Invasive mosquitoes are vectors of important human and animal pathogens and a serious threat to public health. Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) are good examples because of their wide occurrence, host range and vector competence. An...

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Autores principales:	Andrea DRAGO, Giulia SPANÒ, Georgia FACCIONI, Elisa MASSELLA
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science 2021
Materias:	diptera culicidae aedes albopictus culex quinquefasciatus olfactory response age attractants co2 synergistic effect Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/52cbdf4c5d21412a83e082988c607f33
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:52cbdf4c5d21412a83e082988c607f332021-11-05T15:23:15ZOlfactory responsiveness of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Interactions between species, age and attractants1210-57591802-882910.14411/eje.2021.018https://doaj.org/article/52cbdf4c5d21412a83e082988c607f332021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.eje.cz/artkey/eje-202101-0018_olfactory_responsiveness_of_culex_quinquefasciatus_and_aedes_albopictus_diptera_culicidae_interactions_betw.phphttps://doaj.org/toc/1210-5759https://doaj.org/toc/1802-8829Invasive mosquitoes are vectors of important human and animal pathogens and a serious threat to public health. Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) are good examples because of their wide occurrence, host range and vector competence. An understanding of the responsiveness of mosquitoes to olfactory stimuli is essential for implementing effective surveillance and developing repellents. The present study evaluated the behavioural responses of A. albopictus and C. quinquefasciatus to CO2 and human skin odour in an olfactometer. In addition, CO2 synergistic effect was assessed in association with human skin odour. Mosquitoes of different ages (3-5 and 10-15 day old) were included in the study in order to determine changes in responsiveness to attractants during an insects' lifetime. The highest numbers of mosquitoes captured associated with CO2 were (A. albopictus, 48/77, 62.34%; C. quinquefasciatus, 117/126, 92.86%) and hand odour (A. albopictus, 211/232, 90.95%; C. quinquefasciatus, 320/374, 85.56%) in the "CO2 vs blank" and "hand vs blank" treatments. Skin odour was the most attractive for both species (A. albopictus, 279/309, 90.29%; C. quinquefasciatus, 292/306, 95.42%) in "CO2 vs hand" experiment. The highest mosquito responsiveness was recorded in the "CO2 + hand vs hand" bioassay (A. albopictus, 174/265, 65.66%; C. quinquefasciatus, 231/425, 54.35%). Similar trends were recorded for 10-15 and 3-5 day old mosquitoes of both species in all the experiments. In addition, a linear mixed model was used to evaluate the interactions between species, age and attractants. Human skin odour and CO2 were effective attractants for both A. albopictus and C. quinquefasciatus (attractant-species interaction, p-value < 0.05). CO2 synergistic effect was recorded for both species (species-attractant interaction, p-value < 0.05) even when CO2 was not directly combined with skin odour (p-value < 0.05). The interaction between attractant and age revealed (p-value < 0.05) that in both species, 10-15 day old mosquitoes were more responsive to CO2 and human skin odour, than younger (3-5 days) adults. The species-age interaction (p-value < 0.05) showed that 3-5 and 10-15 day old C. quinquefasciatus were more receptive to CO2 and skin odour, especially when used in combination, than A. albopictus.Andrea DRAGOGiulia SPANÒGeorgia FACCIONIElisa MASSELLAInstitute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciencearticledipteraculicidaeaedes albopictusculex quinquefasciatusolfactory responseageattractantsco2 synergistic effectZoologyQL1-991ENEuropean Journal of Entomology, Vol 118, Iss 1, Pp 171-181 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	diptera culicidae aedes albopictus culex quinquefasciatus olfactory response age attractants co2 synergistic effect Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	diptera culicidae aedes albopictus culex quinquefasciatus olfactory response age attractants co2 synergistic effect Zoology QL1-991 Andrea DRAGO Giulia SPANÒ Georgia FACCIONI Elisa MASSELLA Olfactory responsiveness of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Interactions between species, age and attractants
description	Invasive mosquitoes are vectors of important human and animal pathogens and a serious threat to public health. Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) are good examples because of their wide occurrence, host range and vector competence. An understanding of the responsiveness of mosquitoes to olfactory stimuli is essential for implementing effective surveillance and developing repellents. The present study evaluated the behavioural responses of A. albopictus and C. quinquefasciatus to CO2 and human skin odour in an olfactometer. In addition, CO2 synergistic effect was assessed in association with human skin odour. Mosquitoes of different ages (3-5 and 10-15 day old) were included in the study in order to determine changes in responsiveness to attractants during an insects' lifetime. The highest numbers of mosquitoes captured associated with CO2 were (A. albopictus, 48/77, 62.34%; C. quinquefasciatus, 117/126, 92.86%) and hand odour (A. albopictus, 211/232, 90.95%; C. quinquefasciatus, 320/374, 85.56%) in the "CO2 vs blank" and "hand vs blank" treatments. Skin odour was the most attractive for both species (A. albopictus, 279/309, 90.29%; C. quinquefasciatus, 292/306, 95.42%) in "CO2 vs hand" experiment. The highest mosquito responsiveness was recorded in the "CO2 + hand vs hand" bioassay (A. albopictus, 174/265, 65.66%; C. quinquefasciatus, 231/425, 54.35%). Similar trends were recorded for 10-15 and 3-5 day old mosquitoes of both species in all the experiments. In addition, a linear mixed model was used to evaluate the interactions between species, age and attractants. Human skin odour and CO2 were effective attractants for both A. albopictus and C. quinquefasciatus (attractant-species interaction, p-value < 0.05). CO2 synergistic effect was recorded for both species (species-attractant interaction, p-value < 0.05) even when CO2 was not directly combined with skin odour (p-value < 0.05). The interaction between attractant and age revealed (p-value < 0.05) that in both species, 10-15 day old mosquitoes were more responsive to CO2 and human skin odour, than younger (3-5 days) adults. The species-age interaction (p-value < 0.05) showed that 3-5 and 10-15 day old C. quinquefasciatus were more receptive to CO2 and skin odour, especially when used in combination, than A. albopictus.
format	article
author	Andrea DRAGO Giulia SPANÒ Georgia FACCIONI Elisa MASSELLA
author_facet	Andrea DRAGO Giulia SPANÒ Georgia FACCIONI Elisa MASSELLA
author_sort	Andrea DRAGO
title	Olfactory responsiveness of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Interactions between species, age and attractants
title_short	Olfactory responsiveness of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Interactions between species, age and attractants
title_full	Olfactory responsiveness of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Interactions between species, age and attractants
title_fullStr	Olfactory responsiveness of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Interactions between species, age and attractants
title_full_unstemmed	Olfactory responsiveness of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Interactions between species, age and attractants
title_sort	olfactory responsiveness of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae): interactions between species, age and attractants
publisher	Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/52cbdf4c5d21412a83e082988c607f33
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Olfactory responsiveness of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Interactions between species, age and attractants

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