Design of Low Cost Carbon Fiber Composites via Examining the Micromechanical Stress Distributions in A42 Bean-Shaped versus T650 Circular Fibers

Recent advancements have led to new polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber precursors which reduce production costs, yet lead to bean-shaped cross-sections. While these bean-shaped fibers have comparable stiffness and ultimate strength values to typical carbon fibers, their unique morphology results in vary...

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Autores principales:	Imad Hanhan, Michael D. Sangid
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	carbon fiber low cost finite element method stress concentration Technology T Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/52d55ade37f546be9f7f7b9b048917bc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:52d55ade37f546be9f7f7b9b048917bc2021-11-25T18:03:14ZDesign of Low Cost Carbon Fiber Composites via Examining the Micromechanical Stress Distributions in A42 Bean-Shaped versus T650 Circular Fibers10.3390/jcs51102942504-477Xhttps://doaj.org/article/52d55ade37f546be9f7f7b9b048917bc2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/5/11/294https://doaj.org/toc/2504-477XRecent advancements have led to new polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber precursors which reduce production costs, yet lead to bean-shaped cross-sections. While these bean-shaped fibers have comparable stiffness and ultimate strength values to typical carbon fibers, their unique morphology results in varying in-plane orientations and different microstructural stress distributions under loading, which are not well understood and can limit failure strength under complex loading scenarios. Therefore, this work used finite element simulations to compare longitudinal stress distributions in A42 (bean-shaped) and T650 (circular) carbon fiber composite microstructures. Specifically, a microscopy image of an A42/P6300 microstructure was processed to instantiate a 3D model, while a Monte Carlo approach (which accounts for size and in-plane orientation distributions) was used to create statistically equivalent A42/P6300 and T650/P6300 microstructures. First, the results showed that the measured in-plane orientations of the A42 carbon fibers for the analyzed specimen had an orderly distribution with peaks at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>\|</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>\|</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup><mo>,</mo><msup><mn>180</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Additionally, the results showed that under 1.5% elongation, the A42/P6300 microstructure reached simulated failure at approximately 2108 MPa, while the T650/P6300 microstructure did not reach failure. A single fiber model showed that this was due to the curvature of A42 fibers which was 3.18 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> higher at the inner corner, yielding a matrix stress that was 7 MPa higher compared to the T650/P6300 microstructure. Overall, this analysis is valuable to engineers designing new components using lower cost carbon fiber composites, based on the micromechanical stress distributions and unique packing abilities resulting from the A42 fiber morphologies.Imad HanhanMichael D. SangidMDPI AGarticlecarbon fiberlow costfinite element methodstress concentrationTechnologyTScienceQENJournal of Composites Science, Vol 5, Iss 294, p 294 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	carbon fiber low cost finite element method stress concentration Technology T Science Q
spellingShingle	carbon fiber low cost finite element method stress concentration Technology T Science Q Imad Hanhan Michael D. Sangid Design of Low Cost Carbon Fiber Composites via Examining the Micromechanical Stress Distributions in A42 Bean-Shaped versus T650 Circular Fibers
description	Recent advancements have led to new polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber precursors which reduce production costs, yet lead to bean-shaped cross-sections. While these bean-shaped fibers have comparable stiffness and ultimate strength values to typical carbon fibers, their unique morphology results in varying in-plane orientations and different microstructural stress distributions under loading, which are not well understood and can limit failure strength under complex loading scenarios. Therefore, this work used finite element simulations to compare longitudinal stress distributions in A42 (bean-shaped) and T650 (circular) carbon fiber composite microstructures. Specifically, a microscopy image of an A42/P6300 microstructure was processed to instantiate a 3D model, while a Monte Carlo approach (which accounts for size and in-plane orientation distributions) was used to create statistically equivalent A42/P6300 and T650/P6300 microstructures. First, the results showed that the measured in-plane orientations of the A42 carbon fibers for the analyzed specimen had an orderly distribution with peaks at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>\|</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>\|</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup><mo>,</mo><msup><mn>180</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Additionally, the results showed that under 1.5% elongation, the A42/P6300 microstructure reached simulated failure at approximately 2108 MPa, while the T650/P6300 microstructure did not reach failure. A single fiber model showed that this was due to the curvature of A42 fibers which was 3.18 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> higher at the inner corner, yielding a matrix stress that was 7 MPa higher compared to the T650/P6300 microstructure. Overall, this analysis is valuable to engineers designing new components using lower cost carbon fiber composites, based on the micromechanical stress distributions and unique packing abilities resulting from the A42 fiber morphologies.
format	article
author	Imad Hanhan Michael D. Sangid
author_facet	Imad Hanhan Michael D. Sangid
author_sort	Imad Hanhan
title	Design of Low Cost Carbon Fiber Composites via Examining the Micromechanical Stress Distributions in A42 Bean-Shaped versus T650 Circular Fibers
title_short	Design of Low Cost Carbon Fiber Composites via Examining the Micromechanical Stress Distributions in A42 Bean-Shaped versus T650 Circular Fibers
title_full	Design of Low Cost Carbon Fiber Composites via Examining the Micromechanical Stress Distributions in A42 Bean-Shaped versus T650 Circular Fibers
title_fullStr	Design of Low Cost Carbon Fiber Composites via Examining the Micromechanical Stress Distributions in A42 Bean-Shaped versus T650 Circular Fibers
title_full_unstemmed	Design of Low Cost Carbon Fiber Composites via Examining the Micromechanical Stress Distributions in A42 Bean-Shaped versus T650 Circular Fibers
title_sort	design of low cost carbon fiber composites via examining the micromechanical stress distributions in a42 bean-shaped versus t650 circular fibers
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/52d55ade37f546be9f7f7b9b048917bc
work_keys_str_mv	AT imadhanhan designoflowcostcarbonfibercompositesviaexaminingthemicromechanicalstressdistributionsina42beanshapedversust650circularfibers AT michaeldsangid designoflowcostcarbonfibercompositesviaexaminingthemicromechanicalstressdistributionsina42beanshapedversust650circularfibers
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Design of Low Cost Carbon Fiber Composites via Examining the Micromechanical Stress Distributions in A42 Bean-Shaped versus T650 Circular Fibers

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