MycoRed: Betalain pigments enable in vivo real-time visualisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation.

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) are mutualistic interactions formed between soil fungi and plant roots. AM symbiosis is a fundamental and widespread trait in plants with the potential to sustainably enhance future crop yields. However, improving AM fungal association in crop species requires a fundamenta...

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Autores principales:	Alfonso Timoneda, Temur Yunusov, Clement Quan, Aleksandr Gavrin, Samuel F Brockington, Sebastian Schornack
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/52f2b370dbdc4a3b9e5978bfedaa7915
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:52f2b370dbdc4a3b9e5978bfedaa79152021-12-02T19:54:23ZMycoRed: Betalain pigments enable in vivo real-time visualisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.3001326https://doaj.org/article/52f2b370dbdc4a3b9e5978bfedaa79152021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001326https://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) are mutualistic interactions formed between soil fungi and plant roots. AM symbiosis is a fundamental and widespread trait in plants with the potential to sustainably enhance future crop yields. However, improving AM fungal association in crop species requires a fundamental understanding of host colonisation dynamics across varying agronomic and ecological contexts. To this end, we demonstrate the use of betalain pigments as in vivo visual markers for the occurrence and distribution of AM fungal colonisation by Rhizophagus irregularis in Medicago truncatula and Nicotiana benthamiana roots. Using established and novel AM-responsive promoters, we assembled multigene reporter constructs that enable the AM-controlled expression of the core betalain synthesis genes. We show that betalain colouration is specifically induced in root tissues and cells where fungal colonisation has occurred. In a rhizotron setup, we also demonstrate that betalain staining allows for the noninvasive tracing of fungal colonisation along the root system over time. We present MycoRed, a useful innovative method that will expand and complement currently used fungal visualisation techniques to advance knowledge in the field of AM symbiosis.Alfonso TimonedaTemur YunusovClement QuanAleksandr GavrinSamuel F BrockingtonSebastian SchornackPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 19, Iss 7, p e3001326 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Alfonso Timoneda Temur Yunusov Clement Quan Aleksandr Gavrin Samuel F Brockington Sebastian Schornack MycoRed: Betalain pigments enable in vivo real-time visualisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation.
description	Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) are mutualistic interactions formed between soil fungi and plant roots. AM symbiosis is a fundamental and widespread trait in plants with the potential to sustainably enhance future crop yields. However, improving AM fungal association in crop species requires a fundamental understanding of host colonisation dynamics across varying agronomic and ecological contexts. To this end, we demonstrate the use of betalain pigments as in vivo visual markers for the occurrence and distribution of AM fungal colonisation by Rhizophagus irregularis in Medicago truncatula and Nicotiana benthamiana roots. Using established and novel AM-responsive promoters, we assembled multigene reporter constructs that enable the AM-controlled expression of the core betalain synthesis genes. We show that betalain colouration is specifically induced in root tissues and cells where fungal colonisation has occurred. In a rhizotron setup, we also demonstrate that betalain staining allows for the noninvasive tracing of fungal colonisation along the root system over time. We present MycoRed, a useful innovative method that will expand and complement currently used fungal visualisation techniques to advance knowledge in the field of AM symbiosis.
format	article
author	Alfonso Timoneda Temur Yunusov Clement Quan Aleksandr Gavrin Samuel F Brockington Sebastian Schornack
author_facet	Alfonso Timoneda Temur Yunusov Clement Quan Aleksandr Gavrin Samuel F Brockington Sebastian Schornack
author_sort	Alfonso Timoneda
title	MycoRed: Betalain pigments enable in vivo real-time visualisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation.
title_short	MycoRed: Betalain pigments enable in vivo real-time visualisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation.
title_full	MycoRed: Betalain pigments enable in vivo real-time visualisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation.
title_fullStr	MycoRed: Betalain pigments enable in vivo real-time visualisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation.
title_full_unstemmed	MycoRed: Betalain pigments enable in vivo real-time visualisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation.
title_sort	mycored: betalain pigments enable in vivo real-time visualisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/52f2b370dbdc4a3b9e5978bfedaa7915
work_keys_str_mv	AT alfonsotimoneda mycoredbetalainpigmentsenableinvivorealtimevisualisationofarbuscularmycorrhizalcolonisation AT temuryunusov mycoredbetalainpigmentsenableinvivorealtimevisualisationofarbuscularmycorrhizalcolonisation AT clementquan mycoredbetalainpigmentsenableinvivorealtimevisualisationofarbuscularmycorrhizalcolonisation AT aleksandrgavrin mycoredbetalainpigmentsenableinvivorealtimevisualisationofarbuscularmycorrhizalcolonisation AT samuelfbrockington mycoredbetalainpigmentsenableinvivorealtimevisualisationofarbuscularmycorrhizalcolonisation AT sebastianschornack mycoredbetalainpigmentsenableinvivorealtimevisualisationofarbuscularmycorrhizalcolonisation
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MycoRed: Betalain pigments enable in vivo real-time visualisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation.

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