Interactions with Arsenic: Mechanisms of Toxicity and Cellular Resistance in Eukaryotic Microorganisms
Arsenic (As) is quite an abundant metalloid, with ancient origin and ubiquitous distribution, which represents a severe environmental risk and a global problem for public health. Microbial exposure to As compounds in the environment has happened since the beginning of time. Selective pressure has in...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:52fffd0d587b40d5a7676a64cdd9a8182021-11-25T17:52:13ZInteractions with Arsenic: Mechanisms of Toxicity and Cellular Resistance in Eukaryotic Microorganisms10.3390/ijerph1822122261660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/52fffd0d587b40d5a7676a64cdd9a8182021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/12226https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Arsenic (As) is quite an abundant metalloid, with ancient origin and ubiquitous distribution, which represents a severe environmental risk and a global problem for public health. Microbial exposure to As compounds in the environment has happened since the beginning of time. Selective pressure has induced the evolution of various genetic systems conferring useful capacities in many microorganisms to detoxify and even use arsenic, as an energy source. This review summarizes the microbial impact of the As biogeochemical cycle. Moreover, the poorly known adverse effects of this element on eukaryotic microbes, as well as the As uptake and detoxification mechanisms developed by yeast and protists, are discussed. Finally, an outlook of As microbial remediation makes evident the knowledge gaps and the necessity of new approaches to mitigate this environmental challenge.Patricia De FranciscoAna Martín-GonzálezDaniel Rodriguez-MartínSilvia DíazMDPI AGarticlearsenictoxicityyeastsmicroalgaeresistance mechanismsMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 12226, p 12226 (2021) |
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arsenic toxicity yeasts microalgae resistance mechanisms Medicine R |
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arsenic toxicity yeasts microalgae resistance mechanisms Medicine R Patricia De Francisco Ana Martín-González Daniel Rodriguez-Martín Silvia Díaz Interactions with Arsenic: Mechanisms of Toxicity and Cellular Resistance in Eukaryotic Microorganisms |
description |
Arsenic (As) is quite an abundant metalloid, with ancient origin and ubiquitous distribution, which represents a severe environmental risk and a global problem for public health. Microbial exposure to As compounds in the environment has happened since the beginning of time. Selective pressure has induced the evolution of various genetic systems conferring useful capacities in many microorganisms to detoxify and even use arsenic, as an energy source. This review summarizes the microbial impact of the As biogeochemical cycle. Moreover, the poorly known adverse effects of this element on eukaryotic microbes, as well as the As uptake and detoxification mechanisms developed by yeast and protists, are discussed. Finally, an outlook of As microbial remediation makes evident the knowledge gaps and the necessity of new approaches to mitigate this environmental challenge. |
format |
article |
author |
Patricia De Francisco Ana Martín-González Daniel Rodriguez-Martín Silvia Díaz |
author_facet |
Patricia De Francisco Ana Martín-González Daniel Rodriguez-Martín Silvia Díaz |
author_sort |
Patricia De Francisco |
title |
Interactions with Arsenic: Mechanisms of Toxicity and Cellular Resistance in Eukaryotic Microorganisms |
title_short |
Interactions with Arsenic: Mechanisms of Toxicity and Cellular Resistance in Eukaryotic Microorganisms |
title_full |
Interactions with Arsenic: Mechanisms of Toxicity and Cellular Resistance in Eukaryotic Microorganisms |
title_fullStr |
Interactions with Arsenic: Mechanisms of Toxicity and Cellular Resistance in Eukaryotic Microorganisms |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interactions with Arsenic: Mechanisms of Toxicity and Cellular Resistance in Eukaryotic Microorganisms |
title_sort |
interactions with arsenic: mechanisms of toxicity and cellular resistance in eukaryotic microorganisms |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/52fffd0d587b40d5a7676a64cdd9a818 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT patriciadefrancisco interactionswitharsenicmechanismsoftoxicityandcellularresistanceineukaryoticmicroorganisms AT anamartingonzalez interactionswitharsenicmechanismsoftoxicityandcellularresistanceineukaryoticmicroorganisms AT danielrodriguezmartin interactionswitharsenicmechanismsoftoxicityandcellularresistanceineukaryoticmicroorganisms AT silviadiaz interactionswitharsenicmechanismsoftoxicityandcellularresistanceineukaryoticmicroorganisms |
_version_ |
1718411918856683520 |