Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles

Abstract Background Optic neuritis (ON) is frequently encountered in multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease, and other systemic autoimmune disorders. The hallmarks are an abnormal optic nerve and inflammatory demyelinat...

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Autores principales:	Anagha Aneesh, Alice Liu, Heather E. Moss, Douglas Feinstein, Sriram Ravindran, Biji Mathew, Steven Roth
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease Autoimmune disorder Exosome Extracellular vesicles MicroRNA Multiple Sclerosis Medicine (General) R5-920 Biochemistry QD415-436
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5306b0335e514dee99cf047fe9c49d54
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5306b0335e514dee99cf047fe9c49d542021-12-05T12:05:44ZEmerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles10.1186/s13287-021-02645-71757-6512https://doaj.org/article/5306b0335e514dee99cf047fe9c49d542021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02645-7https://doaj.org/toc/1757-6512Abstract Background Optic neuritis (ON) is frequently encountered in multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease, and other systemic autoimmune disorders. The hallmarks are an abnormal optic nerve and inflammatory demyelination; episodes of optic neuritis tend to be recurrent, and particularly for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, may result in permanent vision loss. Main Body Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising approach that results in remyelination, neuroprotection of axons, and has demonstrated success in clinical studies in other neuro-degenerative diseases and in animal models of ON. However, cell transplantation has significant disadvantages and complications. Cell-free approaches utilizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by MSCs exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in multiple animal models of neuro-degenerative diseases and in rodent models of multiple sclerosis (MS). EVs have potential to be an effective cell-free therapy in optic neuritis because of their anti-inflammatory and remyelination stimulating properties, ability to cross the blood brain barrier, and ability to be safely administered without immunosuppression. Conclusion We review the potential application of MSC EVs as an emerging treatment strategy for optic neuritis by reviewing studies in multiple sclerosis and related disorders, and in neurodegeneration, and discuss the challenges and potential rewards of clinical translation of EVs including cell targeting, carrying of therapeutic microRNAs, and prolonging delivery for treatment of optic neuritis. Graphical AbstractAnagha AneeshAlice LiuHeather E. MossDouglas FeinsteinSriram RavindranBiji MathewSteven RothBMCarticleAnti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated diseaseAutoimmune disorderExosomeExtracellular vesiclesMicroRNAMultiple SclerosisMedicine (General)R5-920BiochemistryQD415-436ENStem Cell Research & Therapy, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease Autoimmune disorder Exosome Extracellular vesicles MicroRNA Multiple Sclerosis Medicine (General) R5-920 Biochemistry QD415-436
spellingShingle	Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease Autoimmune disorder Exosome Extracellular vesicles MicroRNA Multiple Sclerosis Medicine (General) R5-920 Biochemistry QD415-436 Anagha Aneesh Alice Liu Heather E. Moss Douglas Feinstein Sriram Ravindran Biji Mathew Steven Roth Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles
description	Abstract Background Optic neuritis (ON) is frequently encountered in multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease, and other systemic autoimmune disorders. The hallmarks are an abnormal optic nerve and inflammatory demyelination; episodes of optic neuritis tend to be recurrent, and particularly for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, may result in permanent vision loss. Main Body Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising approach that results in remyelination, neuroprotection of axons, and has demonstrated success in clinical studies in other neuro-degenerative diseases and in animal models of ON. However, cell transplantation has significant disadvantages and complications. Cell-free approaches utilizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by MSCs exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in multiple animal models of neuro-degenerative diseases and in rodent models of multiple sclerosis (MS). EVs have potential to be an effective cell-free therapy in optic neuritis because of their anti-inflammatory and remyelination stimulating properties, ability to cross the blood brain barrier, and ability to be safely administered without immunosuppression. Conclusion We review the potential application of MSC EVs as an emerging treatment strategy for optic neuritis by reviewing studies in multiple sclerosis and related disorders, and in neurodegeneration, and discuss the challenges and potential rewards of clinical translation of EVs including cell targeting, carrying of therapeutic microRNAs, and prolonging delivery for treatment of optic neuritis. Graphical Abstract
format	article
author	Anagha Aneesh Alice Liu Heather E. Moss Douglas Feinstein Sriram Ravindran Biji Mathew Steven Roth
author_facet	Anagha Aneesh Alice Liu Heather E. Moss Douglas Feinstein Sriram Ravindran Biji Mathew Steven Roth
author_sort	Anagha Aneesh
title	Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles
title_short	Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles
title_full	Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles
title_fullStr	Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles
title_full_unstemmed	Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles
title_sort	emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5306b0335e514dee99cf047fe9c49d54
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Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles

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