Clinical benefits and adverse effects of siwak (S. persica) use on periodontal health: a scoping review of literature

Abstract Background Siwak is a chewing stick used as an oral hygiene aid associated with Muslim communities across the globe since more than 1500 years ago. Used either exclusively or in conjunction with a regular toothbrush, there is evidence supporting its clinical effectiveness in plaque control,...

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Autores principales:	Haslinda Ramli, Tuti Ningseh Mohd-Dom, Shahida Mohd-Said
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Chewing stick Siwak Salvadora persica Gingivitis Plaque Gingival recession Dentistry RK1-715
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/530d6f7d06b546909558d3e9c9ed3305
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:530d6f7d06b546909558d3e9c9ed33052021-12-05T12:20:31ZClinical benefits and adverse effects of siwak (S. persica) use on periodontal health: a scoping review of literature10.1186/s12903-021-01950-01472-6831https://doaj.org/article/530d6f7d06b546909558d3e9c9ed33052021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01950-0https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6831Abstract Background Siwak is a chewing stick used as an oral hygiene aid associated with Muslim communities across the globe since more than 1500 years ago. Used either exclusively or in conjunction with a regular toothbrush, there is evidence supporting its clinical effectiveness in plaque control, but adverse effects on periodontal health remains inconclusive. Objective This study aims to systematically review the wide range of data and literatures related to siwak practice and its effect on periodontal health. Method The review was conducted based on scoping review techniques, searching literature in EBSCOHOST, PubMed, SCOPUS and Google scholar databases using the following search terms: “siwak’ or ‘miswak’ or ‘chewing stick” for intervention, and “periodontium or ‘periodontal’ or ‘periodontal health’ or ‘periodontal disease” for outcome. Articles published between January 1990 to March 2021 and written in English language were included. Results A total of 721 articles collected from the search and 21 of them were eligible for the final analysis. Results of this study was described based on clinical and antibacterial reporting of siwak, method of siwak practice and its adverse effect on oral health. Siwak was found effective at removing dental plaque and improving periodontal health over time although its effect on subgingival microbiota was inconclusive. Presence of gingival recession and clinical attachment loss were much more commonly reported in siwak users, attributable to variations in the methods employed for tooth cleaning using the siwak. Conclusion There is substantial evidence that the lack of standardised reporting for effective siwak use may have resulted in contradictory findings about its oral hygiene benefits and adverse effects. As such, future work on safe and effective siwak practice is to be advocated among its users.Haslinda RamliTuti Ningseh Mohd-DomShahida Mohd-SaidBMCarticleChewing stickSiwakSalvadora persicaGingivitisPlaqueGingival recessionDentistryRK1-715ENBMC Oral Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Chewing stick Siwak Salvadora persica Gingivitis Plaque Gingival recession Dentistry RK1-715
spellingShingle	Chewing stick Siwak Salvadora persica Gingivitis Plaque Gingival recession Dentistry RK1-715 Haslinda Ramli Tuti Ningseh Mohd-Dom Shahida Mohd-Said Clinical benefits and adverse effects of siwak (S. persica) use on periodontal health: a scoping review of literature
description	Abstract Background Siwak is a chewing stick used as an oral hygiene aid associated with Muslim communities across the globe since more than 1500 years ago. Used either exclusively or in conjunction with a regular toothbrush, there is evidence supporting its clinical effectiveness in plaque control, but adverse effects on periodontal health remains inconclusive. Objective This study aims to systematically review the wide range of data and literatures related to siwak practice and its effect on periodontal health. Method The review was conducted based on scoping review techniques, searching literature in EBSCOHOST, PubMed, SCOPUS and Google scholar databases using the following search terms: “siwak’ or ‘miswak’ or ‘chewing stick” for intervention, and “periodontium or ‘periodontal’ or ‘periodontal health’ or ‘periodontal disease” for outcome. Articles published between January 1990 to March 2021 and written in English language were included. Results A total of 721 articles collected from the search and 21 of them were eligible for the final analysis. Results of this study was described based on clinical and antibacterial reporting of siwak, method of siwak practice and its adverse effect on oral health. Siwak was found effective at removing dental plaque and improving periodontal health over time although its effect on subgingival microbiota was inconclusive. Presence of gingival recession and clinical attachment loss were much more commonly reported in siwak users, attributable to variations in the methods employed for tooth cleaning using the siwak. Conclusion There is substantial evidence that the lack of standardised reporting for effective siwak use may have resulted in contradictory findings about its oral hygiene benefits and adverse effects. As such, future work on safe and effective siwak practice is to be advocated among its users.
format	article
author	Haslinda Ramli Tuti Ningseh Mohd-Dom Shahida Mohd-Said
author_facet	Haslinda Ramli Tuti Ningseh Mohd-Dom Shahida Mohd-Said
author_sort	Haslinda Ramli
title	Clinical benefits and adverse effects of siwak (S. persica) use on periodontal health: a scoping review of literature
title_short	Clinical benefits and adverse effects of siwak (S. persica) use on periodontal health: a scoping review of literature
title_full	Clinical benefits and adverse effects of siwak (S. persica) use on periodontal health: a scoping review of literature
title_fullStr	Clinical benefits and adverse effects of siwak (S. persica) use on periodontal health: a scoping review of literature
title_full_unstemmed	Clinical benefits and adverse effects of siwak (S. persica) use on periodontal health: a scoping review of literature
title_sort	clinical benefits and adverse effects of siwak (s. persica) use on periodontal health: a scoping review of literature
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/530d6f7d06b546909558d3e9c9ed3305
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Clinical benefits and adverse effects of siwak (S. persica) use on periodontal health: a scoping review of literature

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