Evaluating the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis After Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy by Integrating Polymorphisms in Cytochrome P450 Genes and Clinicopathological Characteristics
Tamoxifen (TAM) is the most commonly used adjuvant endocrine drug for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer patients. However, how to accurately evaluate the risk of breast cancer recurrence and metastasis after adjuvant TAM therapy is still a major concern. In recent years, many studies hav...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:5313a9c842734c44ad421fe0712d10412021-11-19T05:17:10ZEvaluating the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis After Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy by Integrating Polymorphisms in Cytochrome P450 Genes and Clinicopathological Characteristics2234-943X10.3389/fonc.2021.738222https://doaj.org/article/5313a9c842734c44ad421fe0712d10412021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.738222/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2234-943XTamoxifen (TAM) is the most commonly used adjuvant endocrine drug for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer patients. However, how to accurately evaluate the risk of breast cancer recurrence and metastasis after adjuvant TAM therapy is still a major concern. In recent years, many studies have shown that the clinical outcomes of TAM-treated breast cancer patients are influenced by the activity of some cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that catalyze the formation of active TAM metabolites like endoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen. In this study, we aimed to first develop and validate an algorithm combining polymorphisms in CYP genes and clinicopathological signatures to identify a subpopulation of breast cancer patients who might benefit most from TAM adjuvant therapy and meanwhile evaluate major risk factors related to TAM resistance. Specifically, a total of 256 patients with invasive breast cancer who received adjuvant endocrine therapy were selected. The genotypes at 10 loci from three TAM metabolism-related CYP genes were detected by time-of-flight mass spectrometry and multiplex long PCR. Combining the 10 loci with nine clinicopathological characteristics, we obtained 19 important features whose association with cancer recurrence was assessed by importance score via random forests. After that, a logistic regression model was trained to calculate TAM risk-of-recurrence score (TAM RORs), which is adopted to assess a patient’s risk of recurrence after TAM treatment. The sensitivity and specificity of the model in an independent test cohort were 86.67% and 64.56%, respectively. This study showed that breast cancer patients with high TAM RORs were less sensitive to TAM treatment and manifested more invasive characteristics, whereas those with low TAM RORs were highly sensitive to TAM treatment, and their conditions were stable during the follow-up period. There were some risk factors that had a significant effect on the efficacy of TAM. They were tissue classification (tumor Grade < 2 vs. Grade ≥ 2, p = 2.2e−16), the number of lymph node metastases (Node-Negative vs. Node < 4, p = 5.3e−07; Node < 4 vs. Node ≥ 4, p = 0.003; Node-Negative vs. Node ≥ 4, p = 7.2e−15), and the expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) (ER < 50% vs. ER ≥ 50%, p = 1.3e−12; PR < 50% vs. PR ≥ 50%, p = 2.6e−08). The really remarkable thing is that different genotypes of CYP2D6*10(C188T) show significant differences in prediction function (CYP2D6*10 CC vs. TT, p < 0.019; CYP2D6*10 CT vs. TT, p < 0.037). There are more than 50% Chinese who have CYP2D6*10 mutation. So the genotype of CYP2D6*10(C188T) should be tested before TAM therapy.Hui PangGuoqiang ZhangNa YanNa YanJidong LangJidong LangYuebin LiangYuebin LiangXinyuan XuYaowen CuiXueya WuXianjun LiMing ShanXiaoqin WangXiangzhi MengJiaxiang LiuGeng TianGeng TianLi CaiDawei YuanXin WangFrontiers Media S.A.articlebreast cancerhormone receptor-positivetamoxifenrisk factorsrisk-of-recurrence scoreNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENFrontiers in Oncology, Vol 11 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
breast cancer hormone receptor-positive tamoxifen risk factors risk-of-recurrence score Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 |
| spellingShingle |
breast cancer hormone receptor-positive tamoxifen risk factors risk-of-recurrence score Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Hui Pang Guoqiang Zhang Na Yan Na Yan Jidong Lang Jidong Lang Yuebin Liang Yuebin Liang Xinyuan Xu Yaowen Cui Xueya Wu Xianjun Li Ming Shan Xiaoqin Wang Xiangzhi Meng Jiaxiang Liu Geng Tian Geng Tian Li Cai Dawei Yuan Xin Wang Evaluating the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis After Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy by Integrating Polymorphisms in Cytochrome P450 Genes and Clinicopathological Characteristics |
| description |
Tamoxifen (TAM) is the most commonly used adjuvant endocrine drug for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer patients. However, how to accurately evaluate the risk of breast cancer recurrence and metastasis after adjuvant TAM therapy is still a major concern. In recent years, many studies have shown that the clinical outcomes of TAM-treated breast cancer patients are influenced by the activity of some cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that catalyze the formation of active TAM metabolites like endoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen. In this study, we aimed to first develop and validate an algorithm combining polymorphisms in CYP genes and clinicopathological signatures to identify a subpopulation of breast cancer patients who might benefit most from TAM adjuvant therapy and meanwhile evaluate major risk factors related to TAM resistance. Specifically, a total of 256 patients with invasive breast cancer who received adjuvant endocrine therapy were selected. The genotypes at 10 loci from three TAM metabolism-related CYP genes were detected by time-of-flight mass spectrometry and multiplex long PCR. Combining the 10 loci with nine clinicopathological characteristics, we obtained 19 important features whose association with cancer recurrence was assessed by importance score via random forests. After that, a logistic regression model was trained to calculate TAM risk-of-recurrence score (TAM RORs), which is adopted to assess a patient’s risk of recurrence after TAM treatment. The sensitivity and specificity of the model in an independent test cohort were 86.67% and 64.56%, respectively. This study showed that breast cancer patients with high TAM RORs were less sensitive to TAM treatment and manifested more invasive characteristics, whereas those with low TAM RORs were highly sensitive to TAM treatment, and their conditions were stable during the follow-up period. There were some risk factors that had a significant effect on the efficacy of TAM. They were tissue classification (tumor Grade < 2 vs. Grade ≥ 2, p = 2.2e−16), the number of lymph node metastases (Node-Negative vs. Node < 4, p = 5.3e−07; Node < 4 vs. Node ≥ 4, p = 0.003; Node-Negative vs. Node ≥ 4, p = 7.2e−15), and the expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) (ER < 50% vs. ER ≥ 50%, p = 1.3e−12; PR < 50% vs. PR ≥ 50%, p = 2.6e−08). The really remarkable thing is that different genotypes of CYP2D6*10(C188T) show significant differences in prediction function (CYP2D6*10 CC vs. TT, p < 0.019; CYP2D6*10 CT vs. TT, p < 0.037). There are more than 50% Chinese who have CYP2D6*10 mutation. So the genotype of CYP2D6*10(C188T) should be tested before TAM therapy. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Hui Pang Guoqiang Zhang Na Yan Na Yan Jidong Lang Jidong Lang Yuebin Liang Yuebin Liang Xinyuan Xu Yaowen Cui Xueya Wu Xianjun Li Ming Shan Xiaoqin Wang Xiangzhi Meng Jiaxiang Liu Geng Tian Geng Tian Li Cai Dawei Yuan Xin Wang |
| author_facet |
Hui Pang Guoqiang Zhang Na Yan Na Yan Jidong Lang Jidong Lang Yuebin Liang Yuebin Liang Xinyuan Xu Yaowen Cui Xueya Wu Xianjun Li Ming Shan Xiaoqin Wang Xiangzhi Meng Jiaxiang Liu Geng Tian Geng Tian Li Cai Dawei Yuan Xin Wang |
| author_sort |
Hui Pang |
| title |
Evaluating the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis After Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy by Integrating Polymorphisms in Cytochrome P450 Genes and Clinicopathological Characteristics |
| title_short |
Evaluating the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis After Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy by Integrating Polymorphisms in Cytochrome P450 Genes and Clinicopathological Characteristics |
| title_full |
Evaluating the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis After Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy by Integrating Polymorphisms in Cytochrome P450 Genes and Clinicopathological Characteristics |
| title_fullStr |
Evaluating the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis After Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy by Integrating Polymorphisms in Cytochrome P450 Genes and Clinicopathological Characteristics |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluating the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis After Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy by Integrating Polymorphisms in Cytochrome P450 Genes and Clinicopathological Characteristics |
| title_sort |
evaluating the risk of breast cancer recurrence and metastasis after adjuvant tamoxifen therapy by integrating polymorphisms in cytochrome p450 genes and clinicopathological characteristics |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/5313a9c842734c44ad421fe0712d1041 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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1718420373496659968 |