In-Depth Sequence Analysis of Bread Wheat <i>VRN1</i> Genes
The <i>VERNALIZATION1</i> (<i>VRN1</i>) gene encodes a MADS-box transcription factor and plays an important role in the cold-induced transition from the vegetative to reproductive stage. Allelic variability of <i>VRN1</i> homoeologs has been associated with large...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/5321fe6c126a4f629627da933dc23a87 |
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| Sumario: | The <i>VERNALIZATION1</i> (<i>VRN1</i>) gene encodes a MADS-box transcription factor and plays an important role in the cold-induced transition from the vegetative to reproductive stage. Allelic variability of <i>VRN1</i> homoeologs has been associated with large differences in flowering time. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variability of <i>VRN1</i> homoeologs (<i>VRN</i>-<i>A1</i>, <i>VRN</i>-<i>B1</i> and <i>VRN</i>-<i>D1</i>). We performed an in-depth sequence analysis of <i>VRN1</i> homoeologs in a panel of 105 winter and spring varieties of hexaploid wheat. We describe the novel allele <i>Vrn</i>-<i>B1f</i> with an 836 bp insertion within intron 1 and show its specific expression pattern associated with reduced heading time. We further provide the complete sequence of the <i>Vrn</i>-<i>A1b</i> allele, revealing a 177 bp insertion in intron 1, which is transcribed into an alternative splice variant. Copy number variation (CNV) analysis of <i>VRN1</i> homoeologs showed that <i>VRN</i>-<i>B1</i> and <i>VRN</i>-<i>D1</i> are present in only one copy. The copy number of recessive <i>vrn</i>-<i>A1</i> ranged from one to four, while that of dominant <i>Vrn</i>-<i>A1</i> was one or two. Different numbers of <i>Vrn</i>-<i>A1a</i> copies in the spring cultivars Branisovicka IX/49 and Bastion did not significantly affect heading time. We also report on the deletion of secondary structures (G-quadruplex) in promoter sequences of cultivars with more <i>vrn</i>-<i>A1</i> copies. |
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