RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GEOLOGICAL-LITHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND LAND-USE IN GÖMEÇ PLAIN & IMMEDIATE SURROUNDINGS (BALIKESIR)
Situated in the north of the Coastal Aegean Section, the Gömeç Plain and its immediate surroundings are located in the southern part of the Edremit basin between Kazdağı and Madra Mountains. Geological-lithological characteristics of the research area are among natural factors shaping and diversifyi...
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | DE EN FR TR |
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Fırat University
2020
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| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/53300bc8c4894372a668dbe7505d94ce |
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| Sumario: | Situated in the north of the Coastal Aegean Section, the Gömeç Plain and its immediate surroundings are located in the southern part of the Edremit basin between Kazdağı and Madra Mountains. Geological-lithological characteristics of the research area are among natural factors shaping and diversifying land use.
In the study area, there are olive groves and maquis / garrigue on the crystallized limestones (class VII) while in areas consisting of metamorphics (class VII) there are generally olive groves. On the Neogene volcanics (grades VI.-VII), there are red pine, maquis-garrigue, pasture and secondary housing areas. Olive groves are spread over Neogene lake sediments (class III.-IV). While there are olive groves in the areas consisting of tuff doped Neogene sediments (class III.-IV.- V.), tuffs (class VII) contain maquis-garrigue and olive groves. In the areas where conglomerates (class IV.-V) are spread, there are olive groves and dry agricultural areas whereas there are olive groves and settlements on the alluvial (deposit) cone-fans (class IV.-V). On the alluvions (class I.-II.-III.-IV), there are irrigated / dry farming, settlement and pasture areas. In water-saturated alluvial fields, pasture, secondary housing and reed-swamp areas are noteworthy.
Geological-lithological characteristics are able to determine pedogenesis and soil productivity. Hence, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of soils which develop on Neogene lacustrine sediments and alluvions is high whereas CEC of those which develop on tuffs, metamorphics and volcanites is quite low.
In the research area, agricultural activities carried out on lands composed of tuffs, volcanites and metamorphics, where the slope exceeds 10% and have largely lost their natural vegetation, cause severe erosion. On the other hand, irrigated farming on the plain bottom, which has a weak groundwater reserve, leads to salinization and this situation causes a decrease in agricultural production / yield.
In order to prevent land degradation and erosion, it is necessary to establish a land use pattern by knowing the geological-lithological characteristics of the land. As a matter of fact, within the framework of relationships between parent material-soil-land use in Gömeç Plain and its immediate surroundings; Neogene lacustrine sedimentary formations and colluvial depots (deposits) should be used for olive grove; sloping and high areas for forest area; and region consisting of tuff and volcanics on the coastal section of the area should be used for tourism construction. |
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