The effect of cold tetracaine on the severity of burning sensation upon instillation

Wiwan Sansanayudh,1 Thitima Phansucharitthai,1 Nakarin Sansanayudh2 1Ophthalmology Department, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand Purpose: Tetracaine is one of the most common eye drops that are used for analge...

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Autores principales:	Sansanayudh W, Phansucharitthai T, Sansanayudh N
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	Ocular pain anesthesia temperature corneal sensation burning sensation tetracaine Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/53443e77cc9f4102a7367c7c192be9ff
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:53443e77cc9f4102a7367c7c192be9ff2021-12-02T03:30:27ZThe effect of cold tetracaine on the severity of burning sensation upon instillation1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/53443e77cc9f4102a7367c7c192be9ff2018-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-effect-of-cold-tetracaine-on-the-severity-of-burning-sensation-upo-peer-reviewed-article-OPTHhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Wiwan Sansanayudh,1 Thitima Phansucharitthai,1 Nakarin Sansanayudh2 1Ophthalmology Department, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand Purpose: Tetracaine is one of the most common eye drops that are used for analgesia in clinical practice. However, it causes ocular burning sensation when instilled. This study aimed to compare the effects of the cold and room temperature tetracaine on burning sensation.Patients and methods: We conducted a prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial at the ophthalmology outpatient clinic, Phramongkutklao Hospital during January 2016–February 2017. In this study, 424 consecutive patients (those with a history of keratopathy or neuropathy were excluded) who received dilated fundus examination were randomized to receive cold tetracaine (4°C) in one eye and room temperature tetracaine (22.5°C) in the other eye. Each patient was asked to answer the questionnaire on the severity of burning sensation using 100 mm visual analog scale.Results: Patients reported less burning sensation on the eye that received cold tetracaine (visual analog scale 20.50±18.8 vs 22.70±20 mm; P=0.025). In the subgroup analysis, young patients (≤40 years old), female subjects, patients who received tetracaine for the first-time and those who had no previous ocular surgery reported more benefit from cold tetracaine. The subgroup of patients who had normal corneal sensation, identified by using a Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer, also showed greater benefit from cold tetracaine compared to those with impaired corneal sensation.Conclusion: Cold tetracaine caused less burning sensation than room temperature solution. Its benefit was greater in the subgroup of patients who reported more severe burning sensation. We recommend using cold tetracaine in routine practice, especially in those who are anticipated to have this common side effect. Keywords: ocular pain, anesthesia, temperature, corneal sensation, burning sensationSansanayudh WPhansucharitthai TSansanayudh NDove Medical PressarticleOcular painanesthesiatemperaturecorneal sensationburning sensationtetracaineOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol Volume 12, Pp 2377-2382 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Ocular pain anesthesia temperature corneal sensation burning sensation tetracaine Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	Ocular pain anesthesia temperature corneal sensation burning sensation tetracaine Ophthalmology RE1-994 Sansanayudh W Phansucharitthai T Sansanayudh N The effect of cold tetracaine on the severity of burning sensation upon instillation
description	Wiwan Sansanayudh,1 Thitima Phansucharitthai,1 Nakarin Sansanayudh2 1Ophthalmology Department, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand Purpose: Tetracaine is one of the most common eye drops that are used for analgesia in clinical practice. However, it causes ocular burning sensation when instilled. This study aimed to compare the effects of the cold and room temperature tetracaine on burning sensation.Patients and methods: We conducted a prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial at the ophthalmology outpatient clinic, Phramongkutklao Hospital during January 2016–February 2017. In this study, 424 consecutive patients (those with a history of keratopathy or neuropathy were excluded) who received dilated fundus examination were randomized to receive cold tetracaine (4°C) in one eye and room temperature tetracaine (22.5°C) in the other eye. Each patient was asked to answer the questionnaire on the severity of burning sensation using 100 mm visual analog scale.Results: Patients reported less burning sensation on the eye that received cold tetracaine (visual analog scale 20.50±18.8 vs 22.70±20 mm; P=0.025). In the subgroup analysis, young patients (≤40 years old), female subjects, patients who received tetracaine for the first-time and those who had no previous ocular surgery reported more benefit from cold tetracaine. The subgroup of patients who had normal corneal sensation, identified by using a Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer, also showed greater benefit from cold tetracaine compared to those with impaired corneal sensation.Conclusion: Cold tetracaine caused less burning sensation than room temperature solution. Its benefit was greater in the subgroup of patients who reported more severe burning sensation. We recommend using cold tetracaine in routine practice, especially in those who are anticipated to have this common side effect. Keywords: ocular pain, anesthesia, temperature, corneal sensation, burning sensation
format	article
author	Sansanayudh W Phansucharitthai T Sansanayudh N
author_facet	Sansanayudh W Phansucharitthai T Sansanayudh N
author_sort	Sansanayudh W
title	The effect of cold tetracaine on the severity of burning sensation upon instillation
title_short	The effect of cold tetracaine on the severity of burning sensation upon instillation
title_full	The effect of cold tetracaine on the severity of burning sensation upon instillation
title_fullStr	The effect of cold tetracaine on the severity of burning sensation upon instillation
title_full_unstemmed	The effect of cold tetracaine on the severity of burning sensation upon instillation
title_sort	effect of cold tetracaine on the severity of burning sensation upon instillation
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/53443e77cc9f4102a7367c7c192be9ff
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The effect of cold tetracaine on the severity of burning sensation upon instillation

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