A New Microwave Sensor Based on the Moore Fractal Structure to Detect Water Content in Crude Oil

This paper presents a microwave sensor based on a two-ports network for liquid characterizations. The proposed sensor is constructed as a miniaturized microwave resonator based on Moore fractal geometry of the 4th iteration. The T-resonator is combined with the proposed structure to increase the sen...

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Autores principales:	Russul Khalid Abdulsattar, Taha A. Elwi, Zaid A. Abdul Hassain
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	microwave sensor Moore fractal structure water content crude oil Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5348363128654898a398eebf1c593ff9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5348363128654898a398eebf1c593ff92021-11-11T19:08:36ZA New Microwave Sensor Based on the Moore Fractal Structure to Detect Water Content in Crude Oil10.3390/s212171431424-8220https://doaj.org/article/5348363128654898a398eebf1c593ff92021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7143https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220This paper presents a microwave sensor based on a two-ports network for liquid characterizations. The proposed sensor is constructed as a miniaturized microwave resonator based on Moore fractal geometry of the 4th iteration. The T-resonator is combined with the proposed structure to increase the sensor quality factor. The proposed sensor occupies an area of 50 × 50 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup> printed on an FR4 substrate. Analytically, a theoretical study is conducted to explain the proposed sensor operation. The proposed sensor was fabricated and experimentally tested for validation. Later, two pans were printed on the sensor to hold the Sample Under Test (SUT) of crude oil. The frequency resonance of the proposed structure before loading SUT was found to be 0.8 GHz. After printing the pans, a 150 MHz frequency shift was accrued to the first resonance. The sensing part was accomplished by monitoring the S-parameters in terms of S<sub>12</sub> regarding the water concentration change in the crude oil samples. Therefore, 10 different samples with different water percentages were introduced to the proposed sensor to be tested for detecting the water content. Finally, the measurements of the proposed process were found to agree very well with their relative simulated results.Russul Khalid AbdulsattarTaha A. ElwiZaid A. Abdul HassainMDPI AGarticlemicrowave sensorMoore fractal structurewater contentcrude oilChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7143, p 7143 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	microwave sensor Moore fractal structure water content crude oil Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	microwave sensor Moore fractal structure water content crude oil Chemical technology TP1-1185 Russul Khalid Abdulsattar Taha A. Elwi Zaid A. Abdul Hassain A New Microwave Sensor Based on the Moore Fractal Structure to Detect Water Content in Crude Oil
description	This paper presents a microwave sensor based on a two-ports network for liquid characterizations. The proposed sensor is constructed as a miniaturized microwave resonator based on Moore fractal geometry of the 4th iteration. The T-resonator is combined with the proposed structure to increase the sensor quality factor. The proposed sensor occupies an area of 50 × 50 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup> printed on an FR4 substrate. Analytically, a theoretical study is conducted to explain the proposed sensor operation. The proposed sensor was fabricated and experimentally tested for validation. Later, two pans were printed on the sensor to hold the Sample Under Test (SUT) of crude oil. The frequency resonance of the proposed structure before loading SUT was found to be 0.8 GHz. After printing the pans, a 150 MHz frequency shift was accrued to the first resonance. The sensing part was accomplished by monitoring the S-parameters in terms of S<sub>12</sub> regarding the water concentration change in the crude oil samples. Therefore, 10 different samples with different water percentages were introduced to the proposed sensor to be tested for detecting the water content. Finally, the measurements of the proposed process were found to agree very well with their relative simulated results.
format	article
author	Russul Khalid Abdulsattar Taha A. Elwi Zaid A. Abdul Hassain
author_facet	Russul Khalid Abdulsattar Taha A. Elwi Zaid A. Abdul Hassain
author_sort	Russul Khalid Abdulsattar
title	A New Microwave Sensor Based on the Moore Fractal Structure to Detect Water Content in Crude Oil
title_short	A New Microwave Sensor Based on the Moore Fractal Structure to Detect Water Content in Crude Oil
title_full	A New Microwave Sensor Based on the Moore Fractal Structure to Detect Water Content in Crude Oil
title_fullStr	A New Microwave Sensor Based on the Moore Fractal Structure to Detect Water Content in Crude Oil
title_full_unstemmed	A New Microwave Sensor Based on the Moore Fractal Structure to Detect Water Content in Crude Oil
title_sort	new microwave sensor based on the moore fractal structure to detect water content in crude oil
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5348363128654898a398eebf1c593ff9
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A New Microwave Sensor Based on the Moore Fractal Structure to Detect Water Content in Crude Oil

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