A top-down technique to improve the solubility and bioavailability of aceclofenac: in vitro and in vivo studies

Reema Narayan,1 Abhyuday Pednekar,1 Dipshikha Bhuyan,1,2 Chaitra Gowda,1,3 KB Koteshwara,1 Usha Yogendra Nayak1 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India; 2Lupin Ltd. (Research Park), Pune, Maharashtra, India; 3Micro Labs Ltd., Beng...

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Autores principales:	Narayan R, Pednekar A, Bhuyan D, Gowda C, Koteshwara KB, Nayak UY
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2017
Materias:	Aceclofenac nanocrystals ball milling QbD DoE Box-Behnken design Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5349c545c6ab43a5b5e1a45e2a6ce751
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5349c545c6ab43a5b5e1a45e2a6ce7512021-12-02T00:45:56ZA top-down technique to improve the solubility and bioavailability of aceclofenac: in vitro and in vivo studies1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/5349c545c6ab43a5b5e1a45e2a6ce7512017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/a-top-down-technique-to-improve-the-solubility-and-bioavailability-of--peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Reema Narayan,1 Abhyuday Pednekar,1 Dipshikha Bhuyan,1,2 Chaitra Gowda,1,3 KB Koteshwara,1 Usha Yogendra Nayak1 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India; 2Lupin Ltd. (Research Park), Pune, Maharashtra, India; 3Micro Labs Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Abstract: The aim of the present work was to tackle the solubility issue of a biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS)-II drug, aceclofenac. Although a number of attempts to increase the aqueous solubility have been made, none of the methods were taken up for scale-up. Hence size reduction technique by a top-down approach using wet milling process was utilized to improve the solubility and, consequently, the dissolution velocity of aceclofenac. The quality of the final product was ensured by Quality by Design approach wherein the effects of critical material attributes and critical process parameters were assessed on the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of nanocrystals. Box–Behnken design was applied to evaluate these effects on critical quality attributes. The optimized nanocrystals had a particle size of 484.7±54.12 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.108±0.009. The solid state characterization of the formulation revealed that the crystalline nature of the drug was slightly reduced after the milling process. With the reduced particle size, the solubility of the nanocrystals was found to increase in both water and 0.1 N HCl when compared with that of unmilled pure aceclofenac. These results were further supported by in vitro release studies of nanocrystals where an appreciable dissolution velocity with 100.07%±2.38% release was observed for aceclofenac nanocrystals compared with 47.66%±4.53% release for pure unmilled aceclofenac at the end of 2 h. The in vivo pharmacokinetic data generated showed a statistically significant increase in the Cmax for aceclofenac nanocrystals of 3.75±0.28 µg/mL (for pure unmilled aceclofenac Cmax was 1.96±0.17 µg/mL). The results obtained indicated that the developed nanocrystals of aceclofenac were successful in improving the solubility, thus the absorption and bioavailability of the drug. Hence, it may be a viable and cost-effective alternative to the current therapy. Keywords: aceclofenac, nanocrystals, ball milling, QbD, DoE, box-behnken designNarayan RPednekar ABhuyan DGowda CKoteshwara KBNayak UYDove Medical PressarticleAceclofenacnanocrystalsball millingQbDDoEBox-Behnken designMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 12, Pp 4921-4935 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Aceclofenac nanocrystals ball milling QbD DoE Box-Behnken design Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Aceclofenac nanocrystals ball milling QbD DoE Box-Behnken design Medicine (General) R5-920 Narayan R Pednekar A Bhuyan D Gowda C Koteshwara KB Nayak UY A top-down technique to improve the solubility and bioavailability of aceclofenac: in vitro and in vivo studies
description	Reema Narayan,1 Abhyuday Pednekar,1 Dipshikha Bhuyan,1,2 Chaitra Gowda,1,3 KB Koteshwara,1 Usha Yogendra Nayak1 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India; 2Lupin Ltd. (Research Park), Pune, Maharashtra, India; 3Micro Labs Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Abstract: The aim of the present work was to tackle the solubility issue of a biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS)-II drug, aceclofenac. Although a number of attempts to increase the aqueous solubility have been made, none of the methods were taken up for scale-up. Hence size reduction technique by a top-down approach using wet milling process was utilized to improve the solubility and, consequently, the dissolution velocity of aceclofenac. The quality of the final product was ensured by Quality by Design approach wherein the effects of critical material attributes and critical process parameters were assessed on the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of nanocrystals. Box–Behnken design was applied to evaluate these effects on critical quality attributes. The optimized nanocrystals had a particle size of 484.7±54.12 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.108±0.009. The solid state characterization of the formulation revealed that the crystalline nature of the drug was slightly reduced after the milling process. With the reduced particle size, the solubility of the nanocrystals was found to increase in both water and 0.1 N HCl when compared with that of unmilled pure aceclofenac. These results were further supported by in vitro release studies of nanocrystals where an appreciable dissolution velocity with 100.07%±2.38% release was observed for aceclofenac nanocrystals compared with 47.66%±4.53% release for pure unmilled aceclofenac at the end of 2 h. The in vivo pharmacokinetic data generated showed a statistically significant increase in the Cmax for aceclofenac nanocrystals of 3.75±0.28 µg/mL (for pure unmilled aceclofenac Cmax was 1.96±0.17 µg/mL). The results obtained indicated that the developed nanocrystals of aceclofenac were successful in improving the solubility, thus the absorption and bioavailability of the drug. Hence, it may be a viable and cost-effective alternative to the current therapy. Keywords: aceclofenac, nanocrystals, ball milling, QbD, DoE, box-behnken design
format	article
author	Narayan R Pednekar A Bhuyan D Gowda C Koteshwara KB Nayak UY
author_facet	Narayan R Pednekar A Bhuyan D Gowda C Koteshwara KB Nayak UY
author_sort	Narayan R
title	A top-down technique to improve the solubility and bioavailability of aceclofenac: in vitro and in vivo studies
title_short	A top-down technique to improve the solubility and bioavailability of aceclofenac: in vitro and in vivo studies
title_full	A top-down technique to improve the solubility and bioavailability of aceclofenac: in vitro and in vivo studies
title_fullStr	A top-down technique to improve the solubility and bioavailability of aceclofenac: in vitro and in vivo studies
title_full_unstemmed	A top-down technique to improve the solubility and bioavailability of aceclofenac: in vitro and in vivo studies
title_sort	top-down technique to improve the solubility and bioavailability of aceclofenac: in vitro and in vivo studies
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/5349c545c6ab43a5b5e1a45e2a6ce751
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A top-down technique to improve the solubility and bioavailability of aceclofenac: in vitro and in vivo studies

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