Form and Function of the Vertebrate and Invertebrate Blood-Brain Barriers

The need to protect neural tissue from toxins or other substances is as old as neural tissue itself. Early recognition of this need has led to more than a century of investigation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Many aspects of this important neuroprotective barrier have now been well established,...

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Autores principales:	Alicia D. Dunton, Torben Göpel, Dao H. Ho, Warren Burggren
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	blood-brain barrier morphology evolution neurovascular unit nervous system Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/538a339188ab4daa9774642b5b6723f6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:538a339188ab4daa9774642b5b6723f62021-11-25T17:53:28ZForm and Function of the Vertebrate and Invertebrate Blood-Brain Barriers10.3390/ijms2222121111422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/538a339188ab4daa9774642b5b6723f62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12111https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067The need to protect neural tissue from toxins or other substances is as old as neural tissue itself. Early recognition of this need has led to more than a century of investigation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Many aspects of this important neuroprotective barrier have now been well established, including its cellular architecture and barrier and transport functions. Unsurprisingly, most research has had a human orientation, using mammalian and other animal models to develop translational research findings. However, cell layers forming a barrier between vascular spaces and neural tissues are found broadly throughout the invertebrates as well as in all vertebrates. Unfortunately, previous scenarios for the evolution of the BBB typically adopt a classic, now discredited ‘<i>scala naturae</i>’ approach, which inaccurately describes a putative evolutionary progression of the mammalian BBB from simple invertebrates to mammals. In fact, BBB-like structures have evolved independently numerous times, complicating simplistic views of the evolution of the BBB as a linear process. Here, we review BBBs in their various forms in both invertebrates and vertebrates, with an emphasis on the function, evolution, and conditional relevance of popular animal models such as the fruit fly and the zebrafish to mammalian BBB research.Alicia D. DuntonTorben GöpelDao H. HoWarren BurggrenMDPI AGarticleblood-brain barriermorphologyevolutionneurovascular unitnervous systemBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12111, p 12111 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	blood-brain barrier morphology evolution neurovascular unit nervous system Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	blood-brain barrier morphology evolution neurovascular unit nervous system Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Alicia D. Dunton Torben Göpel Dao H. Ho Warren Burggren Form and Function of the Vertebrate and Invertebrate Blood-Brain Barriers
description	The need to protect neural tissue from toxins or other substances is as old as neural tissue itself. Early recognition of this need has led to more than a century of investigation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Many aspects of this important neuroprotective barrier have now been well established, including its cellular architecture and barrier and transport functions. Unsurprisingly, most research has had a human orientation, using mammalian and other animal models to develop translational research findings. However, cell layers forming a barrier between vascular spaces and neural tissues are found broadly throughout the invertebrates as well as in all vertebrates. Unfortunately, previous scenarios for the evolution of the BBB typically adopt a classic, now discredited ‘<i>scala naturae</i>’ approach, which inaccurately describes a putative evolutionary progression of the mammalian BBB from simple invertebrates to mammals. In fact, BBB-like structures have evolved independently numerous times, complicating simplistic views of the evolution of the BBB as a linear process. Here, we review BBBs in their various forms in both invertebrates and vertebrates, with an emphasis on the function, evolution, and conditional relevance of popular animal models such as the fruit fly and the zebrafish to mammalian BBB research.
format	article
author	Alicia D. Dunton Torben Göpel Dao H. Ho Warren Burggren
author_facet	Alicia D. Dunton Torben Göpel Dao H. Ho Warren Burggren
author_sort	Alicia D. Dunton
title	Form and Function of the Vertebrate and Invertebrate Blood-Brain Barriers
title_short	Form and Function of the Vertebrate and Invertebrate Blood-Brain Barriers
title_full	Form and Function of the Vertebrate and Invertebrate Blood-Brain Barriers
title_fullStr	Form and Function of the Vertebrate and Invertebrate Blood-Brain Barriers
title_full_unstemmed	Form and Function of the Vertebrate and Invertebrate Blood-Brain Barriers
title_sort	form and function of the vertebrate and invertebrate blood-brain barriers
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/538a339188ab4daa9774642b5b6723f6
work_keys_str_mv	AT aliciaddunton formandfunctionofthevertebrateandinvertebratebloodbrainbarriers AT torbengopel formandfunctionofthevertebrateandinvertebratebloodbrainbarriers AT daohho formandfunctionofthevertebrateandinvertebratebloodbrainbarriers AT warrenburggren formandfunctionofthevertebrateandinvertebratebloodbrainbarriers
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Form and Function of the Vertebrate and Invertebrate Blood-Brain Barriers

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