Radio-frequency exposure of the yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti) from 2 to 240 GHz.

Fifth generation networks (5G) will be associated with a partial shift to higher carrier frequencies, including wavelengths comparable in size to insects. This may lead to higher absorption of radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) by insects and could cause dielectric heating. The yellow...

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Autores principales: Eline De Borre, Wout Joseph, Reza Aminzadeh, Pie Müller, Matthieu N Boone, Iván Josipovic, Sina Hashemizadeh, Niels Kuster, Sven Kühn, Arno Thielens
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Publicado: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/539f2186b30c4987a0e94637ffb13e28
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:539f2186b30c4987a0e94637ffb13e282021-12-02T19:57:36ZRadio-frequency exposure of the yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti) from 2 to 240 GHz.1553-734X1553-735810.1371/journal.pcbi.1009460https://doaj.org/article/539f2186b30c4987a0e94637ffb13e282021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009460https://doaj.org/toc/1553-734Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7358Fifth generation networks (5G) will be associated with a partial shift to higher carrier frequencies, including wavelengths comparable in size to insects. This may lead to higher absorption of radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) by insects and could cause dielectric heating. The yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), a vector for diseases such as yellow and dengue fever, favors warm climates. Being exposed to higher frequency RF EMFs causing possible dielectric heating, could have an influence on behavior, physiology and morphology, and could be a possible factor for introduction of the species in regions where the yellow fever mosquito normally does not appear. In this study, the influence of far field RF exposure on A. aegypti was examined between 2 and 240 GHz. Using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations, the distribution of the electric field in and around the insect and the absorbed RF power were found for six different mosquito models (three male, three female). The 3D models were created from micro-CT scans of real mosquitoes. The dielectric properties used in the simulation were measured from a mixture of homogenized A. aegypti. For a given incident RF power, the absorption increases with increasing frequency between 2 and 90 GHz with a maximum between 90 and 240 GHz. The absorption was maximal in the region where the wavelength matches the size of the mosquito. For a same incident field strength, the power absorption by the mosquito is 16 times higher at 60 GHz than at 6 GHz. The higher absorption of RF power by future technologies can result in dielectric heating and potentially influence the biology of this mosquito.Eline De BorreWout JosephReza AminzadehPie MüllerMatthieu N BooneIván JosipovicSina HashemizadehNiels KusterSven KühnArno ThielensPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Computational Biology, Vol 17, Iss 10, p e1009460 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
spellingShingle Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Eline De Borre
Wout Joseph
Reza Aminzadeh
Pie Müller
Matthieu N Boone
Iván Josipovic
Sina Hashemizadeh
Niels Kuster
Sven Kühn
Arno Thielens
Radio-frequency exposure of the yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti) from 2 to 240 GHz.
description Fifth generation networks (5G) will be associated with a partial shift to higher carrier frequencies, including wavelengths comparable in size to insects. This may lead to higher absorption of radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) by insects and could cause dielectric heating. The yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), a vector for diseases such as yellow and dengue fever, favors warm climates. Being exposed to higher frequency RF EMFs causing possible dielectric heating, could have an influence on behavior, physiology and morphology, and could be a possible factor for introduction of the species in regions where the yellow fever mosquito normally does not appear. In this study, the influence of far field RF exposure on A. aegypti was examined between 2 and 240 GHz. Using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations, the distribution of the electric field in and around the insect and the absorbed RF power were found for six different mosquito models (three male, three female). The 3D models were created from micro-CT scans of real mosquitoes. The dielectric properties used in the simulation were measured from a mixture of homogenized A. aegypti. For a given incident RF power, the absorption increases with increasing frequency between 2 and 90 GHz with a maximum between 90 and 240 GHz. The absorption was maximal in the region where the wavelength matches the size of the mosquito. For a same incident field strength, the power absorption by the mosquito is 16 times higher at 60 GHz than at 6 GHz. The higher absorption of RF power by future technologies can result in dielectric heating and potentially influence the biology of this mosquito.
format article
author Eline De Borre
Wout Joseph
Reza Aminzadeh
Pie Müller
Matthieu N Boone
Iván Josipovic
Sina Hashemizadeh
Niels Kuster
Sven Kühn
Arno Thielens
author_facet Eline De Borre
Wout Joseph
Reza Aminzadeh
Pie Müller
Matthieu N Boone
Iván Josipovic
Sina Hashemizadeh
Niels Kuster
Sven Kühn
Arno Thielens
author_sort Eline De Borre
title Radio-frequency exposure of the yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti) from 2 to 240 GHz.
title_short Radio-frequency exposure of the yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti) from 2 to 240 GHz.
title_full Radio-frequency exposure of the yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti) from 2 to 240 GHz.
title_fullStr Radio-frequency exposure of the yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti) from 2 to 240 GHz.
title_full_unstemmed Radio-frequency exposure of the yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti) from 2 to 240 GHz.
title_sort radio-frequency exposure of the yellow fever mosquito (a. aegypti) from 2 to 240 ghz.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/539f2186b30c4987a0e94637ffb13e28
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