Evolution of the Arsenal of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Legionella pneumophila</named-content> Effectors To Modulate Protist Hosts

ABSTRACT Within the human host, Legionella pneumophila replicates within alveolar macrophages, leading to pneumonia. However, L. pneumophila is an aquatic generalist pathogen that replicates within a wide variety of protist hosts, including amoebozoa, percolozoa, and ciliophora. The intracellular li...

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Autores principales:	Ashley Best, Yousef Abu Kwaik
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/53bb2ce1c4ce4596860ad0985c055787
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:53bb2ce1c4ce4596860ad0985c0557872021-11-15T15:58:21ZEvolution of the Arsenal of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Legionella pneumophila</named-content> Effectors To Modulate Protist Hosts10.1128/mBio.01313-182150-7511https://doaj.org/article/53bb2ce1c4ce4596860ad0985c0557872018-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01313-18https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Within the human host, Legionella pneumophila replicates within alveolar macrophages, leading to pneumonia. However, L. pneumophila is an aquatic generalist pathogen that replicates within a wide variety of protist hosts, including amoebozoa, percolozoa, and ciliophora. The intracellular lifestyles of L. pneumophila within the two evolutionarily distant hosts macrophages and protists are remarkably similar. Coevolution with numerous protist hosts has shaped plasticity of the genome of L. pneumophila, which harbors numerous proteins encoded by genes acquired from primitive eukaryotic hosts through interkingdom horizontal gene transfer. The Dot/Icm type IVb translocation system translocates ∼6,000 effectors among Legionella species and >320 effector proteins in L. pneumophila into host cells to modulate a plethora of cellular processes to create proliferative niches. Since many of the effectors have likely evolved to modulate cellular processes of primitive eukaryotic hosts, it is not surprising that most of the effectors do not contribute to intracellular growth within human macrophages. Some of the effectors may modulate highly conserved eukaryotic processes, while others may target protist-specific processes that are absent in mammals. The lack of studies to determine the role of the effectors in adaptation of L. pneumophila to various protists has hampered the progress to determine the function of most of these effectors, which are routinely studied in mouse or human macrophages. Since many protists restrict L. pneumophila, utilization of such hosts can also be instrumental in deciphering the mechanisms of failure of L. pneumophila to overcome restriction of certain protist hosts. Here, we review the interaction of L. pneumophila with its permissive and restrictive protist environmental hosts and outline the accomplishments as well as gaps in our knowledge of L. pneumophila-protist host interaction and L. pneumophila’s evolution to become a human pathogen.Ashley BestYousef Abu KwaikAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 9, Iss 5 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Ashley Best Yousef Abu Kwaik Evolution of the Arsenal of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Legionella pneumophila</named-content> Effectors To Modulate Protist Hosts
description	ABSTRACT Within the human host, Legionella pneumophila replicates within alveolar macrophages, leading to pneumonia. However, L. pneumophila is an aquatic generalist pathogen that replicates within a wide variety of protist hosts, including amoebozoa, percolozoa, and ciliophora. The intracellular lifestyles of L. pneumophila within the two evolutionarily distant hosts macrophages and protists are remarkably similar. Coevolution with numerous protist hosts has shaped plasticity of the genome of L. pneumophila, which harbors numerous proteins encoded by genes acquired from primitive eukaryotic hosts through interkingdom horizontal gene transfer. The Dot/Icm type IVb translocation system translocates ∼6,000 effectors among Legionella species and >320 effector proteins in L. pneumophila into host cells to modulate a plethora of cellular processes to create proliferative niches. Since many of the effectors have likely evolved to modulate cellular processes of primitive eukaryotic hosts, it is not surprising that most of the effectors do not contribute to intracellular growth within human macrophages. Some of the effectors may modulate highly conserved eukaryotic processes, while others may target protist-specific processes that are absent in mammals. The lack of studies to determine the role of the effectors in adaptation of L. pneumophila to various protists has hampered the progress to determine the function of most of these effectors, which are routinely studied in mouse or human macrophages. Since many protists restrict L. pneumophila, utilization of such hosts can also be instrumental in deciphering the mechanisms of failure of L. pneumophila to overcome restriction of certain protist hosts. Here, we review the interaction of L. pneumophila with its permissive and restrictive protist environmental hosts and outline the accomplishments as well as gaps in our knowledge of L. pneumophila-protist host interaction and L. pneumophila’s evolution to become a human pathogen.
format	article
author	Ashley Best Yousef Abu Kwaik
author_facet	Ashley Best Yousef Abu Kwaik
author_sort	Ashley Best
title	Evolution of the Arsenal of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Legionella pneumophila</named-content> Effectors To Modulate Protist Hosts
title_short	Evolution of the Arsenal of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Legionella pneumophila</named-content> Effectors To Modulate Protist Hosts
title_full	Evolution of the Arsenal of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Legionella pneumophila</named-content> Effectors To Modulate Protist Hosts
title_fullStr	Evolution of the Arsenal of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Legionella pneumophila</named-content> Effectors To Modulate Protist Hosts
title_full_unstemmed	Evolution of the Arsenal of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Legionella pneumophila</named-content> Effectors To Modulate Protist Hosts
title_sort	evolution of the arsenal of <named-content content-type="genus-species">legionella pneumophila</named-content> effectors to modulate protist hosts
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/53bb2ce1c4ce4596860ad0985c055787
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Evolution of the Arsenal of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Legionella pneumophila</named-content> Effectors To Modulate Protist Hosts

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