Impact of Nuclear Export Pathway on Cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNA Transport Mechanism and Distribution

ABSTRACT HIV-1 full-length RNA (referred to as HIV-1 RNA here) serves as the viral genome in virions and as a template for Gag/Gag-Pol translation. We previously showed that HIV-1 RNA, which is exported via the CRM1 pathway, travels in the cytoplasm mainly through diffusion. A recent report suggeste...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Jianbo Chen, Chijioke Umunnakwe, David Q. Sun, Olga A. Nikolaitchik, Vinay K. Pathak, Ben Berkhout, Atze T. Das, Wei-Shau Hu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	diffusion HIV-1 nuclear export RNA cytoplasmic distribution Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/53d14a27b1f2424e90ed3ce0e814c419
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:53d14a27b1f2424e90ed3ce0e814c419
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:53d14a27b1f2424e90ed3ce0e814c4192021-11-15T15:55:43ZImpact of Nuclear Export Pathway on Cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNA Transport Mechanism and Distribution10.1128/mBio.01578-202150-7511https://doaj.org/article/53d14a27b1f2424e90ed3ce0e814c4192020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01578-20https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT HIV-1 full-length RNA (referred to as HIV-1 RNA here) serves as the viral genome in virions and as a template for Gag/Gag-Pol translation. We previously showed that HIV-1 RNA, which is exported via the CRM1 pathway, travels in the cytoplasm mainly through diffusion. A recent report suggested that the export pathway used by retroviral RNA could affect its cytoplasmic transport mechanism and localization. HIV-1 RNA export is directed by the viral protein Rev and the cis-acting element, Rev response element (RRE). When Rev/RRE is replaced with the constitutive transport element (CTE) from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV), HIV-1 RNA is exported through the NXF1 pathway. To determine the effects of the export pathway on HIV-1 RNA, we tracked individual RNAs and found that the vast majority of cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNAs travel by diffusion regardless of the export pathway. However, CTE-containing HIV-1 RNA diffuses at a rate slower than that of RRE-containing HIV-1 RNA. Using in situ hybridization, we analyzed the subcellular localizations of HIV-1 RNAs in cells expressing a CTE-containing and an RRE-containing provirus. We found that these two types of HIV-1 RNAs have similar subcellular distributions. HIV-1 RNA exported through the NXF1 pathway was suggested to cluster near centrosomes. To investigate this possibility, we measured the distances between individual RNAs to the centrosomes and found that HIV-1 RNAs exported through different pathways do not exhibit significantly different distances to centrosomes. Therefore, HIV-1 RNAs exported through CRM1 and NXF1 pathways use the same RNA transport mechanism and exhibit similar cytoplasmic distributions. IMPORTANCE The unspliced HIV-1 full-length RNA (HIV-1 RNA) is packaged into virions as the genome and is translated to generate viral structural proteins and enzymes. To serve these functions, HIV-1 RNA must be exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. It was recently suggested that export pathways used by HIV-1 RNA could affect its cytoplasmic transport mechanisms and distribution. In the current report, we examined the HIV-1 RNA transport mechanism by following the movement of individual RNAs and identifying the distribution of RNA using in situ hybridization. Our results showed that whether exported by the CRM1 or NXF1 pathway, HIV-1 RNAs mainly use diffusion for cytoplasmic travel. Furthermore, HIV-1 RNAs exported using the CRM1 or NXF1 pathway are well mixed in the cytoplasm and do not display export pathway-specific clustering near centrosomes. Thus, the export pathways used by HIV-1 RNAs do not alter the cytoplasmic transport mechanisms or distribution.Jianbo ChenChijioke UmunnakweDavid Q. SunOlga A. NikolaitchikVinay K. PathakBen BerkhoutAtze T. DasWei-Shau HuAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticlediffusionHIV-1nuclear exportRNAcytoplasmicdistributionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 6 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	diffusion HIV-1 nuclear export RNA cytoplasmic distribution Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	diffusion HIV-1 nuclear export RNA cytoplasmic distribution Microbiology QR1-502 Jianbo Chen Chijioke Umunnakwe David Q. Sun Olga A. Nikolaitchik Vinay K. Pathak Ben Berkhout Atze T. Das Wei-Shau Hu Impact of Nuclear Export Pathway on Cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNA Transport Mechanism and Distribution
description	ABSTRACT HIV-1 full-length RNA (referred to as HIV-1 RNA here) serves as the viral genome in virions and as a template for Gag/Gag-Pol translation. We previously showed that HIV-1 RNA, which is exported via the CRM1 pathway, travels in the cytoplasm mainly through diffusion. A recent report suggested that the export pathway used by retroviral RNA could affect its cytoplasmic transport mechanism and localization. HIV-1 RNA export is directed by the viral protein Rev and the cis-acting element, Rev response element (RRE). When Rev/RRE is replaced with the constitutive transport element (CTE) from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV), HIV-1 RNA is exported through the NXF1 pathway. To determine the effects of the export pathway on HIV-1 RNA, we tracked individual RNAs and found that the vast majority of cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNAs travel by diffusion regardless of the export pathway. However, CTE-containing HIV-1 RNA diffuses at a rate slower than that of RRE-containing HIV-1 RNA. Using in situ hybridization, we analyzed the subcellular localizations of HIV-1 RNAs in cells expressing a CTE-containing and an RRE-containing provirus. We found that these two types of HIV-1 RNAs have similar subcellular distributions. HIV-1 RNA exported through the NXF1 pathway was suggested to cluster near centrosomes. To investigate this possibility, we measured the distances between individual RNAs to the centrosomes and found that HIV-1 RNAs exported through different pathways do not exhibit significantly different distances to centrosomes. Therefore, HIV-1 RNAs exported through CRM1 and NXF1 pathways use the same RNA transport mechanism and exhibit similar cytoplasmic distributions. IMPORTANCE The unspliced HIV-1 full-length RNA (HIV-1 RNA) is packaged into virions as the genome and is translated to generate viral structural proteins and enzymes. To serve these functions, HIV-1 RNA must be exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. It was recently suggested that export pathways used by HIV-1 RNA could affect its cytoplasmic transport mechanisms and distribution. In the current report, we examined the HIV-1 RNA transport mechanism by following the movement of individual RNAs and identifying the distribution of RNA using in situ hybridization. Our results showed that whether exported by the CRM1 or NXF1 pathway, HIV-1 RNAs mainly use diffusion for cytoplasmic travel. Furthermore, HIV-1 RNAs exported using the CRM1 or NXF1 pathway are well mixed in the cytoplasm and do not display export pathway-specific clustering near centrosomes. Thus, the export pathways used by HIV-1 RNAs do not alter the cytoplasmic transport mechanisms or distribution.
format	article
author	Jianbo Chen Chijioke Umunnakwe David Q. Sun Olga A. Nikolaitchik Vinay K. Pathak Ben Berkhout Atze T. Das Wei-Shau Hu
author_facet	Jianbo Chen Chijioke Umunnakwe David Q. Sun Olga A. Nikolaitchik Vinay K. Pathak Ben Berkhout Atze T. Das Wei-Shau Hu
author_sort	Jianbo Chen
title	Impact of Nuclear Export Pathway on Cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNA Transport Mechanism and Distribution
title_short	Impact of Nuclear Export Pathway on Cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNA Transport Mechanism and Distribution
title_full	Impact of Nuclear Export Pathway on Cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNA Transport Mechanism and Distribution
title_fullStr	Impact of Nuclear Export Pathway on Cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNA Transport Mechanism and Distribution
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of Nuclear Export Pathway on Cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNA Transport Mechanism and Distribution
title_sort	impact of nuclear export pathway on cytoplasmic hiv-1 rna transport mechanism and distribution
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/53d14a27b1f2424e90ed3ce0e814c419
work_keys_str_mv	AT jianbochen impactofnuclearexportpathwayoncytoplasmichiv1rnatransportmechanismanddistribution AT chijiokeumunnakwe impactofnuclearexportpathwayoncytoplasmichiv1rnatransportmechanismanddistribution AT davidqsun impactofnuclearexportpathwayoncytoplasmichiv1rnatransportmechanismanddistribution AT olgaanikolaitchik impactofnuclearexportpathwayoncytoplasmichiv1rnatransportmechanismanddistribution AT vinaykpathak impactofnuclearexportpathwayoncytoplasmichiv1rnatransportmechanismanddistribution AT benberkhout impactofnuclearexportpathwayoncytoplasmichiv1rnatransportmechanismanddistribution AT atzetdas impactofnuclearexportpathwayoncytoplasmichiv1rnatransportmechanismanddistribution AT weishauhu impactofnuclearexportpathwayoncytoplasmichiv1rnatransportmechanismanddistribution
_version_	1718427148941787136

Impact of Nuclear Export Pathway on Cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNA Transport Mechanism and Distribution

Ejemplares similares