Seasonal content of heavy metals in the "soil–feed–milk–manure" system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan

Background and Aim: The quality of food, especially animal-based food, is crucial for human health. However, the quality of milk and other animal products has become an acute cause for concern in Kazakhstan . Technogenic dispersion of heavy metals (HMs) causes adverse effects on living organisms and...

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Autores principales:	Nazym Kozhanova, Nurzhan Sarsembayeva, Bozena Lozowicka, Zhassulan Kozhanov
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Veterinary World 2021
Materias:	feed heavy metals milk soil Animal culture SF1-1100 Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/53dcd75e308b4a6cbfce2c394bde0ed7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:53dcd75e308b4a6cbfce2c394bde0ed72021-11-24T07:34:10ZSeasonal content of heavy metals in the "soil–feed–milk–manure" system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan10.14202/vetworld.2021.2947-29560972-89882231-0916https://doaj.org/article/53dcd75e308b4a6cbfce2c394bde0ed72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.14/November-2021/15.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/0972-8988https://doaj.org/toc/2231-0916Background and Aim: The quality of food, especially animal-based food, is crucial for human health. However, the quality of milk and other animal products has become an acute cause for concern in Kazakhstan . Technogenic dispersion of heavy metals (HMs) causes adverse effects on living organisms and creates unfavorable conditions for the existence of humans, animals, and plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of several HMs in samples of soil, horse feed (hay, mixed feed, and bran), mare's milk, and manure to assess bioaccumulation and possible adverse effects on the bodies of horses. An additional purpose was to identify areas with acceptable conditions for obtaining environmentally safe horse breeding products in the agricultural zones of the Almaty region, Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: Samples were obtained from two farms in the Almaty region in 2020 (spring, summer, and autumn). In total, 72 soil samples were analyzed, which were taken from the upper humus horizon to the depth of the arable layer. Eighty-six samples were taken from the feed of horses. Green feed was represented by perennial and annual grasses (alsike clover, Medicago sativa, sweet yellow clover, as well as pea and oat mix). Barley and wheat bran stored in the warehouses of the farm were sampled for the research as feed supplements. The mixed feed comprised components such as maize and sunflower. In addition, 46 samples of mare's milk and 28 samples of horse manure were collected. The HM analysis was performed in the laboratory of the Kazakh-Japanese Innovation Center. The residual amounts of HMs were determined using an absorption spectrometer with a voltammetric analyzer. The content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) in all the studied samples of soil, feed, mare's milk, and manure did not exceed the threshold limit values (TLVs), suggesting that the intake of these toxic elements into the human body with food was low. Results: The average Cd concentration was in the range of 0.29-0.31 mg/kg in soil samples and in the range of 0.20-0.27 mg/kg in feed samples. In milk, the Cd concentration varied from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/L and was lower in summer and higher in fall. The total average Cd content in horse manure was 0.1844 mg/kg. The concentration of Pb in soil samples ranged from 1.09 to 1.30 mg/kg with the lowest value in spring and the highest in fall. In the feed, the concentration of Pb varied from 0.14 to 0.76 mg/kg and in milk from 0.03 to 0.15 mg/L. The average concentrations of Hg and As in soil samples averaged 0.022 and 0.019 mg/kg, respectively, and were within the TLVs. Conclusion: In the study areas, the calculated transition rates in the soil–feed–milk–manure system revealed that the greatest transition of HMs was observed for Pb and Cd, and a smaller migration was observed for Hg and As. The tendency of accumulation of trace elements continued in the feed.Nazym KozhanovaNurzhan SarsembayevaBozena LozowickaZhassulan KozhanovVeterinary Worldarticlefeedheavy metalsmilksoilAnimal cultureSF1-1100Veterinary medicineSF600-1100ENVeterinary World, Vol 14, Iss 11, Pp 2947-2956 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	feed heavy metals milk soil Animal culture SF1-1100 Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	feed heavy metals milk soil Animal culture SF1-1100 Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Nazym Kozhanova Nurzhan Sarsembayeva Bozena Lozowicka Zhassulan Kozhanov Seasonal content of heavy metals in the "soil–feed–milk–manure" system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan
description	Background and Aim: The quality of food, especially animal-based food, is crucial for human health. However, the quality of milk and other animal products has become an acute cause for concern in Kazakhstan . Technogenic dispersion of heavy metals (HMs) causes adverse effects on living organisms and creates unfavorable conditions for the existence of humans, animals, and plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of several HMs in samples of soil, horse feed (hay, mixed feed, and bran), mare's milk, and manure to assess bioaccumulation and possible adverse effects on the bodies of horses. An additional purpose was to identify areas with acceptable conditions for obtaining environmentally safe horse breeding products in the agricultural zones of the Almaty region, Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: Samples were obtained from two farms in the Almaty region in 2020 (spring, summer, and autumn). In total, 72 soil samples were analyzed, which were taken from the upper humus horizon to the depth of the arable layer. Eighty-six samples were taken from the feed of horses. Green feed was represented by perennial and annual grasses (alsike clover, Medicago sativa, sweet yellow clover, as well as pea and oat mix). Barley and wheat bran stored in the warehouses of the farm were sampled for the research as feed supplements. The mixed feed comprised components such as maize and sunflower. In addition, 46 samples of mare's milk and 28 samples of horse manure were collected. The HM analysis was performed in the laboratory of the Kazakh-Japanese Innovation Center. The residual amounts of HMs were determined using an absorption spectrometer with a voltammetric analyzer. The content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) in all the studied samples of soil, feed, mare's milk, and manure did not exceed the threshold limit values (TLVs), suggesting that the intake of these toxic elements into the human body with food was low. Results: The average Cd concentration was in the range of 0.29-0.31 mg/kg in soil samples and in the range of 0.20-0.27 mg/kg in feed samples. In milk, the Cd concentration varied from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/L and was lower in summer and higher in fall. The total average Cd content in horse manure was 0.1844 mg/kg. The concentration of Pb in soil samples ranged from 1.09 to 1.30 mg/kg with the lowest value in spring and the highest in fall. In the feed, the concentration of Pb varied from 0.14 to 0.76 mg/kg and in milk from 0.03 to 0.15 mg/L. The average concentrations of Hg and As in soil samples averaged 0.022 and 0.019 mg/kg, respectively, and were within the TLVs. Conclusion: In the study areas, the calculated transition rates in the soil–feed–milk–manure system revealed that the greatest transition of HMs was observed for Pb and Cd, and a smaller migration was observed for Hg and As. The tendency of accumulation of trace elements continued in the feed.
format	article
author	Nazym Kozhanova Nurzhan Sarsembayeva Bozena Lozowicka Zhassulan Kozhanov
author_facet	Nazym Kozhanova Nurzhan Sarsembayeva Bozena Lozowicka Zhassulan Kozhanov
author_sort	Nazym Kozhanova
title	Seasonal content of heavy metals in the "soil–feed–milk–manure" system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan
title_short	Seasonal content of heavy metals in the "soil–feed–milk–manure" system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan
title_full	Seasonal content of heavy metals in the "soil–feed–milk–manure" system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan
title_fullStr	Seasonal content of heavy metals in the "soil–feed–milk–manure" system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan
title_full_unstemmed	Seasonal content of heavy metals in the "soil–feed–milk–manure" system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan
title_sort	seasonal content of heavy metals in the "soil–feed–milk–manure" system in horse husbandry in kazakhstan
publisher	Veterinary World
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/53dcd75e308b4a6cbfce2c394bde0ed7
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Seasonal content of heavy metals in the "soil–feed–milk–manure" system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan

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