Common and disorder-specific upregulation of the inflammatory markers TRAIL and CCL20 in depression and schizophrenia

Abstract Schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are severe mental disorders, which have been associated with alterations of the peripheral inflammatory network. However, studies for both disorders have not been fully consistent and have focused on few canonical markers with high rele...

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Autores principales: Federica Klaus, Karoline Guetter, Rebecca Schlegel, Tobias R. Spiller, Erich Seifritz, Flurin Cathomas, Stefan Kaiser
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Publicado: Nature Portfolio 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/53eb570a1d574be2bf3de2d2e71037f0
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:53eb570a1d574be2bf3de2d2e71037f02021-12-02T18:51:07ZCommon and disorder-specific upregulation of the inflammatory markers TRAIL and CCL20 in depression and schizophrenia10.1038/s41598-021-98769-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/53eb570a1d574be2bf3de2d2e71037f02021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98769-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are severe mental disorders, which have been associated with alterations of the peripheral inflammatory network. However, studies for both disorders have not been fully consistent and have focused on few canonical markers with high relevance to the innate immune system, while the role of the adaptive immune system is studied less. Furthermore, it is unclear to what extent inflammatory abnormalities are diagnosis-specific or transdiagnostic. The purpose of this study was to investigate 75 peripheral inflammatory markers including the acute phase protein high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in patients with MDD (n = 37), SZ (n = 42) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 17), while considering possible confounders and correcting rigorously for multiple testing in group comparisons. We identified C–C chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) as the inflammatory markers with significant group differences after controlling for multiple comparisons and adjusting for BMI, sex and smoking as confounders. TRAIL was elevated in both MDD and SZ compared to HC. CCL20 was specifically increased in SZ compared to MDD and HC. There were no significant group differences in hsCRP after correcting for multiple testing. Finally, we observed no significant correlations among CCL20, TRAIL and CRP. TRAIL is a transdiagnostic marker for SZ and MDD, with both markers being independent from CRP and body mass index (BMI). CCL20 may be a novel and specific biomarker of schizophrenia, but an influence of antipsychotic medication cannot be excluded. Identifying novel markers in mental disease bears the potential for future research towards novel treatment strategies by modifying inflammation-related processes.Federica KlausKaroline GuetterRebecca SchlegelTobias R. SpillerErich SeifritzFlurin CathomasStefan KaiserNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Federica Klaus
Karoline Guetter
Rebecca Schlegel
Tobias R. Spiller
Erich Seifritz
Flurin Cathomas
Stefan Kaiser
Common and disorder-specific upregulation of the inflammatory markers TRAIL and CCL20 in depression and schizophrenia
description Abstract Schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are severe mental disorders, which have been associated with alterations of the peripheral inflammatory network. However, studies for both disorders have not been fully consistent and have focused on few canonical markers with high relevance to the innate immune system, while the role of the adaptive immune system is studied less. Furthermore, it is unclear to what extent inflammatory abnormalities are diagnosis-specific or transdiagnostic. The purpose of this study was to investigate 75 peripheral inflammatory markers including the acute phase protein high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in patients with MDD (n = 37), SZ (n = 42) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 17), while considering possible confounders and correcting rigorously for multiple testing in group comparisons. We identified C–C chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) as the inflammatory markers with significant group differences after controlling for multiple comparisons and adjusting for BMI, sex and smoking as confounders. TRAIL was elevated in both MDD and SZ compared to HC. CCL20 was specifically increased in SZ compared to MDD and HC. There were no significant group differences in hsCRP after correcting for multiple testing. Finally, we observed no significant correlations among CCL20, TRAIL and CRP. TRAIL is a transdiagnostic marker for SZ and MDD, with both markers being independent from CRP and body mass index (BMI). CCL20 may be a novel and specific biomarker of schizophrenia, but an influence of antipsychotic medication cannot be excluded. Identifying novel markers in mental disease bears the potential for future research towards novel treatment strategies by modifying inflammation-related processes.
format article
author Federica Klaus
Karoline Guetter
Rebecca Schlegel
Tobias R. Spiller
Erich Seifritz
Flurin Cathomas
Stefan Kaiser
author_facet Federica Klaus
Karoline Guetter
Rebecca Schlegel
Tobias R. Spiller
Erich Seifritz
Flurin Cathomas
Stefan Kaiser
author_sort Federica Klaus
title Common and disorder-specific upregulation of the inflammatory markers TRAIL and CCL20 in depression and schizophrenia
title_short Common and disorder-specific upregulation of the inflammatory markers TRAIL and CCL20 in depression and schizophrenia
title_full Common and disorder-specific upregulation of the inflammatory markers TRAIL and CCL20 in depression and schizophrenia
title_fullStr Common and disorder-specific upregulation of the inflammatory markers TRAIL and CCL20 in depression and schizophrenia
title_full_unstemmed Common and disorder-specific upregulation of the inflammatory markers TRAIL and CCL20 in depression and schizophrenia
title_sort common and disorder-specific upregulation of the inflammatory markers trail and ccl20 in depression and schizophrenia
publisher Nature Portfolio
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/53eb570a1d574be2bf3de2d2e71037f0
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