Positive selection and intrinsic disorder are associated with multifunctional C4(AC4) proteins and geminivirus diversification

Abstract Viruses within the Geminiviridae family cause extensive agricultural losses. Members of four genera of geminiviruses contain a C4 gene (AC4 in geminiviruses with bipartite genomes). C4(AC4) genes are entirely overprinted on the C1(AC1) genes, which encode the replication-associated proteins...

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Autores principales:	Carl Michael Deom, Marin Talbot Brewer, Paul M. Severns
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/540acbe4f4b8429ebfd2d99b8fae7b14
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:540acbe4f4b8429ebfd2d99b8fae7b142021-12-02T16:53:11ZPositive selection and intrinsic disorder are associated with multifunctional C4(AC4) proteins and geminivirus diversification10.1038/s41598-021-90557-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/540acbe4f4b8429ebfd2d99b8fae7b142021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90557-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Viruses within the Geminiviridae family cause extensive agricultural losses. Members of four genera of geminiviruses contain a C4 gene (AC4 in geminiviruses with bipartite genomes). C4(AC4) genes are entirely overprinted on the C1(AC1) genes, which encode the replication-associated proteins. The C4(AC4) proteins exhibit diverse functions that may be important for geminivirus diversification. In this study, the influence of natural selection on the evolutionary diversity of 211 C4(AC4) genes relative to the C1(AC1) sequences they overlap was determined from isolates of the Begomovirus and Curtovirus genera. The ratio of nonsynonymous (d N) to synonymous (d S) nucleotide substitutions indicated that C4(AC4) genes are under positive selection, while the overlapped C1(AC1) sequences are under purifying selection. Ninety-one of 200 Begomovirus C4(AC4) genes encode elongated proteins with the extended regions being under neutral selection. C4(AC4) genes from begomoviruses isolated from tomato from native versus exotic regions were under similar levels of positive selection. Analysis of protein structure suggests that C4(AC4) proteins are entirely intrinsically disordered. Our data suggest that non-synonymous mutations and mutations that increase the length of C4(AC4) drive protein diversity that is intrinsically disordered, which could explain C4/AC4 functional variation and contribute to both geminivirus diversification and host jumping.Carl Michael DeomMarin Talbot BrewerPaul M. SevernsNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Carl Michael Deom Marin Talbot Brewer Paul M. Severns Positive selection and intrinsic disorder are associated with multifunctional C4(AC4) proteins and geminivirus diversification
description	Abstract Viruses within the Geminiviridae family cause extensive agricultural losses. Members of four genera of geminiviruses contain a C4 gene (AC4 in geminiviruses with bipartite genomes). C4(AC4) genes are entirely overprinted on the C1(AC1) genes, which encode the replication-associated proteins. The C4(AC4) proteins exhibit diverse functions that may be important for geminivirus diversification. In this study, the influence of natural selection on the evolutionary diversity of 211 C4(AC4) genes relative to the C1(AC1) sequences they overlap was determined from isolates of the Begomovirus and Curtovirus genera. The ratio of nonsynonymous (d N) to synonymous (d S) nucleotide substitutions indicated that C4(AC4) genes are under positive selection, while the overlapped C1(AC1) sequences are under purifying selection. Ninety-one of 200 Begomovirus C4(AC4) genes encode elongated proteins with the extended regions being under neutral selection. C4(AC4) genes from begomoviruses isolated from tomato from native versus exotic regions were under similar levels of positive selection. Analysis of protein structure suggests that C4(AC4) proteins are entirely intrinsically disordered. Our data suggest that non-synonymous mutations and mutations that increase the length of C4(AC4) drive protein diversity that is intrinsically disordered, which could explain C4/AC4 functional variation and contribute to both geminivirus diversification and host jumping.
format	article
author	Carl Michael Deom Marin Talbot Brewer Paul M. Severns
author_facet	Carl Michael Deom Marin Talbot Brewer Paul M. Severns
author_sort	Carl Michael Deom
title	Positive selection and intrinsic disorder are associated with multifunctional C4(AC4) proteins and geminivirus diversification
title_short	Positive selection and intrinsic disorder are associated with multifunctional C4(AC4) proteins and geminivirus diversification
title_full	Positive selection and intrinsic disorder are associated with multifunctional C4(AC4) proteins and geminivirus diversification
title_fullStr	Positive selection and intrinsic disorder are associated with multifunctional C4(AC4) proteins and geminivirus diversification
title_full_unstemmed	Positive selection and intrinsic disorder are associated with multifunctional C4(AC4) proteins and geminivirus diversification
title_sort	positive selection and intrinsic disorder are associated with multifunctional c4(ac4) proteins and geminivirus diversification
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/540acbe4f4b8429ebfd2d99b8fae7b14
work_keys_str_mv	AT carlmichaeldeom positiveselectionandintrinsicdisorderareassociatedwithmultifunctionalc4ac4proteinsandgeminivirusdiversification AT marintalbotbrewer positiveselectionandintrinsicdisorderareassociatedwithmultifunctionalc4ac4proteinsandgeminivirusdiversification AT paulmseverns positiveselectionandintrinsicdisorderareassociatedwithmultifunctionalc4ac4proteinsandgeminivirusdiversification
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Positive selection and intrinsic disorder are associated with multifunctional C4(AC4) proteins and geminivirus diversification

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