Modeling and Assessing Potential Soil Erosion Hazards Using USLE and Wind Erosion Models in Integration with GIS Techniques: Dakhla Oasis, Egypt

Soil erosion modeling is becoming more significant in the development and implementation of soil management and conservation policies. For a better understanding of the geographical distribution of soil erosion, spatial-based models of soil erosion are required. The current study proposed a spatial-...

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Autores principales:	Salman A. H. Selmy, Salah H. Abd Al-Aziz, Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta, Francisco Jesús García-Navarro, Mohamed E. Fadl
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	soil erosion hazard USLE ILSWE GIS techniques soil erosion spatial modeling soil erosion mapping Agriculture (General) S1-972
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5425773d74c0427098dba567be6a43b0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5425773d74c0427098dba567be6a43b02021-11-25T15:59:38ZModeling and Assessing Potential Soil Erosion Hazards Using USLE and Wind Erosion Models in Integration with GIS Techniques: Dakhla Oasis, Egypt10.3390/agriculture111111242077-0472https://doaj.org/article/5425773d74c0427098dba567be6a43b02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/11/1124https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0472Soil erosion modeling is becoming more significant in the development and implementation of soil management and conservation policies. For a better understanding of the geographical distribution of soil erosion, spatial-based models of soil erosion are required. The current study proposed a spatial-based model that integrated geographic information systems (GIS) techniques with both the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model and the Index of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion (ILSWE). The proposed Spatial Soil Loss Model (SSLM) was designed to generate the potential soil erosion maps based on water erosion and wind erosion by integrating factors of the USLE and ILSWE models into the GIS environment. Hence, the main objective of this study is to predict, quantify, and assess the soil erosion hazards using the SSLM in the Dakhla Oasis as a case study. The water soil loss values were computed by overlaying the values of five factors: the rainfall factor (<i>R</i>-Factor), soil erodibility (<i>K</i>-Factor), topography (<i>LS</i>-Factor), crop types (<i>C</i>-Factor), and conservation practice (<i>P</i>-Factor). The severity of wind-driven soil loss was calculated by overlaying the values of five factors: climatic erosivity (<i>CE</i>-Factor), soil erodibility (E-Factor), soil crust (<i>SC</i>-Factor), vegetation cover (<i>VC</i>-Factor), and surface roughness (<i>SR</i>-Factor). The proposed model was statistically validated by comparing its outputs to the results of USLE and ILSWE models. Soil loss values based on USLE and SSLM varied from 0.26 to 3.51 t ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> with an average of 1.30 t ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> and from 0.26 to 3.09 t ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> with a mean of 1.33 t ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. As a result, and according to the assessment of both the USLE and the SSLM, one soil erosion class, the very low class (<6.7 t ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>), has been reported to be the prevalent erosion class in the study area. These findings indicate that the Dakhla Oasis is slightly eroded and more tolerable against water erosion factors under current management conditions. Furthermore, the study area was classified into four classes of wind erosion severity: very slight, slight, moderate, and high, representing 1.0%, 25.2%, 41.5%, and 32.3% of the total study area, respectively, based on the ILSWE model and 0.9%, 25.4%, 43.9%, and 29.9%, respectively, according to the SSLM. Consequently, the Dakhla Oasis is qualified as a promising area for sustainable agriculture when appropriate management is applied. The USLE and ILSWE model rates had a strong positive correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.97 and 0.98, respectively), with the SSLM rates, as well as a strong relationship based on the average linear regression (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.94 and 0.97, respectively). The present study is an attempt to adopt a spatial-based model to compute and map the potential soil erosion. It also pointed out that designing soil erosion spatial models using available data sources and the integration of USLE and ILSWE with GIS techniques is a viable option for calculating soil loss rates. Therefore, the proposed soil erosion spatial model is fit for calculating and assessing soil loss rates under this study and is valid for use in other studies under arid regions with the same conditions.Salman A. H. SelmySalah H. Abd Al-AzizRaimundo Jiménez-BallestaFrancisco Jesús García-NavarroMohamed E. FadlMDPI AGarticlesoil erosion hazardUSLEILSWEGIS techniquessoil erosion spatial modelingsoil erosion mappingAgriculture (General)S1-972ENAgriculture, Vol 11, Iss 1124, p 1124 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	soil erosion hazard USLE ILSWE GIS techniques soil erosion spatial modeling soil erosion mapping Agriculture (General) S1-972
spellingShingle	soil erosion hazard USLE ILSWE GIS techniques soil erosion spatial modeling soil erosion mapping Agriculture (General) S1-972 Salman A. H. Selmy Salah H. Abd Al-Aziz Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta Francisco Jesús García-Navarro Mohamed E. Fadl Modeling and Assessing Potential Soil Erosion Hazards Using USLE and Wind Erosion Models in Integration with GIS Techniques: Dakhla Oasis, Egypt
description	Soil erosion modeling is becoming more significant in the development and implementation of soil management and conservation policies. For a better understanding of the geographical distribution of soil erosion, spatial-based models of soil erosion are required. The current study proposed a spatial-based model that integrated geographic information systems (GIS) techniques with both the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model and the Index of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion (ILSWE). The proposed Spatial Soil Loss Model (SSLM) was designed to generate the potential soil erosion maps based on water erosion and wind erosion by integrating factors of the USLE and ILSWE models into the GIS environment. Hence, the main objective of this study is to predict, quantify, and assess the soil erosion hazards using the SSLM in the Dakhla Oasis as a case study. The water soil loss values were computed by overlaying the values of five factors: the rainfall factor (<i>R</i>-Factor), soil erodibility (<i>K</i>-Factor), topography (<i>LS</i>-Factor), crop types (<i>C</i>-Factor), and conservation practice (<i>P</i>-Factor). The severity of wind-driven soil loss was calculated by overlaying the values of five factors: climatic erosivity (<i>CE</i>-Factor), soil erodibility (E-Factor), soil crust (<i>SC</i>-Factor), vegetation cover (<i>VC</i>-Factor), and surface roughness (<i>SR</i>-Factor). The proposed model was statistically validated by comparing its outputs to the results of USLE and ILSWE models. Soil loss values based on USLE and SSLM varied from 0.26 to 3.51 t ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> with an average of 1.30 t ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> and from 0.26 to 3.09 t ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> with a mean of 1.33 t ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. As a result, and according to the assessment of both the USLE and the SSLM, one soil erosion class, the very low class (<6.7 t ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>), has been reported to be the prevalent erosion class in the study area. These findings indicate that the Dakhla Oasis is slightly eroded and more tolerable against water erosion factors under current management conditions. Furthermore, the study area was classified into four classes of wind erosion severity: very slight, slight, moderate, and high, representing 1.0%, 25.2%, 41.5%, and 32.3% of the total study area, respectively, based on the ILSWE model and 0.9%, 25.4%, 43.9%, and 29.9%, respectively, according to the SSLM. Consequently, the Dakhla Oasis is qualified as a promising area for sustainable agriculture when appropriate management is applied. The USLE and ILSWE model rates had a strong positive correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.97 and 0.98, respectively), with the SSLM rates, as well as a strong relationship based on the average linear regression (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.94 and 0.97, respectively). The present study is an attempt to adopt a spatial-based model to compute and map the potential soil erosion. It also pointed out that designing soil erosion spatial models using available data sources and the integration of USLE and ILSWE with GIS techniques is a viable option for calculating soil loss rates. Therefore, the proposed soil erosion spatial model is fit for calculating and assessing soil loss rates under this study and is valid for use in other studies under arid regions with the same conditions.
format	article
author	Salman A. H. Selmy Salah H. Abd Al-Aziz Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta Francisco Jesús García-Navarro Mohamed E. Fadl
author_facet	Salman A. H. Selmy Salah H. Abd Al-Aziz Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta Francisco Jesús García-Navarro Mohamed E. Fadl
author_sort	Salman A. H. Selmy
title	Modeling and Assessing Potential Soil Erosion Hazards Using USLE and Wind Erosion Models in Integration with GIS Techniques: Dakhla Oasis, Egypt
title_short	Modeling and Assessing Potential Soil Erosion Hazards Using USLE and Wind Erosion Models in Integration with GIS Techniques: Dakhla Oasis, Egypt
title_full	Modeling and Assessing Potential Soil Erosion Hazards Using USLE and Wind Erosion Models in Integration with GIS Techniques: Dakhla Oasis, Egypt
title_fullStr	Modeling and Assessing Potential Soil Erosion Hazards Using USLE and Wind Erosion Models in Integration with GIS Techniques: Dakhla Oasis, Egypt
title_full_unstemmed	Modeling and Assessing Potential Soil Erosion Hazards Using USLE and Wind Erosion Models in Integration with GIS Techniques: Dakhla Oasis, Egypt
title_sort	modeling and assessing potential soil erosion hazards using usle and wind erosion models in integration with gis techniques: dakhla oasis, egypt
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5425773d74c0427098dba567be6a43b0
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_version_	1718413379684532224

Modeling and Assessing Potential Soil Erosion Hazards Using USLE and Wind Erosion Models in Integration with GIS Techniques: Dakhla Oasis, Egypt

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