High Densities of a Prochlorophyte (Unresolved Species) Inhibit Grazing by the Herbivorous Copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing in frequency and severity, underscoring the importance of understanding potential top-down controls of blooms. In the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), a shallow subtropical estuary, one harmful bloom was co-dominated by an unresolved prochlorophyte in the Family...

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Autores principales:	Xiao Ma, Charles A. Jacoby, Kevin B. Johnson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	prochlorophyte harmful algal blooms mucilage top-down control Indian River Lagoon Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/542e232ae70d41048d78cc821b1bd352
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:542e232ae70d41048d78cc821b1bd3522021-11-10T05:42:42ZHigh Densities of a Prochlorophyte (Unresolved Species) Inhibit Grazing by the Herbivorous Copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris2296-774510.3389/fmars.2021.664153https://doaj.org/article/542e232ae70d41048d78cc821b1bd3522021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.664153/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing in frequency and severity, underscoring the importance of understanding potential top-down controls of blooms. In the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), a shallow subtropical estuary, one harmful bloom was co-dominated by an unresolved prochlorophyte in the Family Prochlorothricaceae, which reached densities of > 106 cells ml–1 engendering the term “Superbloom.” Experiments were conducted to evaluate grazing rates and the potential for top-down control by an abundant herbivorous copepod, Parvocalanus crassirostris, on the prochlorophyte. Those grazing rates were lower than the rates on a palatable alternative algal food, Isochrysis galbana, when both algal species were presented in monocultures with identical densities. Grazing on the prochlorophyte decreased or ceased at densities over 4.8 × 105 cells ml–1. When the prochlorophyte and the palatable alternative each comprised half of the total density, both species were consumed, but grazing on I. galbana was reduced compared to the grazing rates in a monoculture of this species, especially at higher cell densities. Copepod mortality was observed in treatments with high concentrations of the prochlorophyte, and these treatments contained mucilage. Experiments simulating viscosities produced by prochlorophyte mucilage yielded results consistent with the original grazing experiments (i.e., copepods showed lower grazing rates and higher mortality rates in higher viscosity treatments). Results reveal potential limitations of top-down controls by this grazer on prochlorophyte blooms and HABs that produce mucilage.Xiao MaXiao MaCharles A. JacobyKevin B. JohnsonFrontiers Media S.A.articleprochlorophyteharmful algal bloomsmucilagetop-down controlIndian River LagoonScienceQGeneral. Including nature conservation, geographical distributionQH1-199.5ENFrontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	prochlorophyte harmful algal blooms mucilage top-down control Indian River Lagoon Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
spellingShingle	prochlorophyte harmful algal blooms mucilage top-down control Indian River Lagoon Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Xiao Ma Xiao Ma Charles A. Jacoby Kevin B. Johnson High Densities of a Prochlorophyte (Unresolved Species) Inhibit Grazing by the Herbivorous Copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris
description	Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing in frequency and severity, underscoring the importance of understanding potential top-down controls of blooms. In the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), a shallow subtropical estuary, one harmful bloom was co-dominated by an unresolved prochlorophyte in the Family Prochlorothricaceae, which reached densities of > 106 cells ml–1 engendering the term “Superbloom.” Experiments were conducted to evaluate grazing rates and the potential for top-down control by an abundant herbivorous copepod, Parvocalanus crassirostris, on the prochlorophyte. Those grazing rates were lower than the rates on a palatable alternative algal food, Isochrysis galbana, when both algal species were presented in monocultures with identical densities. Grazing on the prochlorophyte decreased or ceased at densities over 4.8 × 105 cells ml–1. When the prochlorophyte and the palatable alternative each comprised half of the total density, both species were consumed, but grazing on I. galbana was reduced compared to the grazing rates in a monoculture of this species, especially at higher cell densities. Copepod mortality was observed in treatments with high concentrations of the prochlorophyte, and these treatments contained mucilage. Experiments simulating viscosities produced by prochlorophyte mucilage yielded results consistent with the original grazing experiments (i.e., copepods showed lower grazing rates and higher mortality rates in higher viscosity treatments). Results reveal potential limitations of top-down controls by this grazer on prochlorophyte blooms and HABs that produce mucilage.
format	article
author	Xiao Ma Xiao Ma Charles A. Jacoby Kevin B. Johnson
author_facet	Xiao Ma Xiao Ma Charles A. Jacoby Kevin B. Johnson
author_sort	Xiao Ma
title	High Densities of a Prochlorophyte (Unresolved Species) Inhibit Grazing by the Herbivorous Copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris
title_short	High Densities of a Prochlorophyte (Unresolved Species) Inhibit Grazing by the Herbivorous Copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris
title_full	High Densities of a Prochlorophyte (Unresolved Species) Inhibit Grazing by the Herbivorous Copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris
title_fullStr	High Densities of a Prochlorophyte (Unresolved Species) Inhibit Grazing by the Herbivorous Copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris
title_full_unstemmed	High Densities of a Prochlorophyte (Unresolved Species) Inhibit Grazing by the Herbivorous Copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris
title_sort	high densities of a prochlorophyte (unresolved species) inhibit grazing by the herbivorous copepod parvocalanus crassirostris
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/542e232ae70d41048d78cc821b1bd352
work_keys_str_mv	AT xiaoma highdensitiesofaprochlorophyteunresolvedspeciesinhibitgrazingbytheherbivorouscopepodparvocalanuscrassirostris AT xiaoma highdensitiesofaprochlorophyteunresolvedspeciesinhibitgrazingbytheherbivorouscopepodparvocalanuscrassirostris AT charlesajacoby highdensitiesofaprochlorophyteunresolvedspeciesinhibitgrazingbytheherbivorouscopepodparvocalanuscrassirostris AT kevinbjohnson highdensitiesofaprochlorophyteunresolvedspeciesinhibitgrazingbytheherbivorouscopepodparvocalanuscrassirostris
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High Densities of a Prochlorophyte (Unresolved Species) Inhibit Grazing by the Herbivorous Copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris

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