Condensed Tannins as Antioxidants in Ruminants—Effectiveness and Action Mechanisms to Improve Animal Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stability of Products

Condensed tannins (CTs) are widely distributed in plants, and due to their recognized antioxidant activity are considered as possible natural antioxidants for application in ruminant diets. A wide range of CT-rich sources has been tested in ruminant diets, and their effects on animal antioxidant sta...

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Autores principales:	David Soldado, Rui J. B. Bessa, Eliana Jerónimo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	condensed tannins ruminants oxidative stress antioxidant effect mechanism of action metabolism Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5434d23ae6c04e6d925cb1dc23b0bede
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5434d23ae6c04e6d925cb1dc23b0bede2021-11-25T16:19:46ZCondensed Tannins as Antioxidants in Ruminants—Effectiveness and Action Mechanisms to Improve Animal Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stability of Products10.3390/ani111132432076-2615https://doaj.org/article/5434d23ae6c04e6d925cb1dc23b0bede2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3243https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Condensed tannins (CTs) are widely distributed in plants, and due to their recognized antioxidant activity are considered as possible natural antioxidants for application in ruminant diets. A wide range of CT-rich sources has been tested in ruminant diets, and their effects on animal antioxidant status and oxidative stability of their products are reviewed in the present work. Possible mechanisms underlying the CT antioxidant effects in ruminants are also discussed, and the CT chemical structure is briefly presented. Utilization of CT-rich sources in ruminant feeding can improve the animals’ antioxidant status and oxidative stability of their products. However, the results are still inconsistent. Although poorly understood, the evidence suggests that CTs can induce an antioxidant effect in living animals and in their products through direct and indirect mechanisms, which can occur by an integrated and synergic way involving: (i) absorption of CTs with low molecular weight or metabolites, despite CTs’ poor bioavailability; (ii) antioxidant action on the gastrointestinal tract; and (iii) interaction with other antioxidant agents. Condensed tannins are alternative dietary antioxidants for ruminants, but further studies should be carried out to elucidate the mechanism underlying the antioxidant activity of each CT source to design effective antioxidant strategies based on the use of CTs in ruminant diets.David SoldadoRui J. B. BessaEliana JerónimoMDPI AGarticlecondensed tanninsruminantsoxidative stressantioxidant effectmechanism of actionmetabolismVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3243, p 3243 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	condensed tannins ruminants oxidative stress antioxidant effect mechanism of action metabolism Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	condensed tannins ruminants oxidative stress antioxidant effect mechanism of action metabolism Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 David Soldado Rui J. B. Bessa Eliana Jerónimo Condensed Tannins as Antioxidants in Ruminants—Effectiveness and Action Mechanisms to Improve Animal Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stability of Products
description	Condensed tannins (CTs) are widely distributed in plants, and due to their recognized antioxidant activity are considered as possible natural antioxidants for application in ruminant diets. A wide range of CT-rich sources has been tested in ruminant diets, and their effects on animal antioxidant status and oxidative stability of their products are reviewed in the present work. Possible mechanisms underlying the CT antioxidant effects in ruminants are also discussed, and the CT chemical structure is briefly presented. Utilization of CT-rich sources in ruminant feeding can improve the animals’ antioxidant status and oxidative stability of their products. However, the results are still inconsistent. Although poorly understood, the evidence suggests that CTs can induce an antioxidant effect in living animals and in their products through direct and indirect mechanisms, which can occur by an integrated and synergic way involving: (i) absorption of CTs with low molecular weight or metabolites, despite CTs’ poor bioavailability; (ii) antioxidant action on the gastrointestinal tract; and (iii) interaction with other antioxidant agents. Condensed tannins are alternative dietary antioxidants for ruminants, but further studies should be carried out to elucidate the mechanism underlying the antioxidant activity of each CT source to design effective antioxidant strategies based on the use of CTs in ruminant diets.
format	article
author	David Soldado Rui J. B. Bessa Eliana Jerónimo
author_facet	David Soldado Rui J. B. Bessa Eliana Jerónimo
author_sort	David Soldado
title	Condensed Tannins as Antioxidants in Ruminants—Effectiveness and Action Mechanisms to Improve Animal Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stability of Products
title_short	Condensed Tannins as Antioxidants in Ruminants—Effectiveness and Action Mechanisms to Improve Animal Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stability of Products
title_full	Condensed Tannins as Antioxidants in Ruminants—Effectiveness and Action Mechanisms to Improve Animal Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stability of Products
title_fullStr	Condensed Tannins as Antioxidants in Ruminants—Effectiveness and Action Mechanisms to Improve Animal Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stability of Products
title_full_unstemmed	Condensed Tannins as Antioxidants in Ruminants—Effectiveness and Action Mechanisms to Improve Animal Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stability of Products
title_sort	condensed tannins as antioxidants in ruminants—effectiveness and action mechanisms to improve animal antioxidant status and oxidative stability of products
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5434d23ae6c04e6d925cb1dc23b0bede
work_keys_str_mv	AT davidsoldado condensedtanninsasantioxidantsinruminantseffectivenessandactionmechanismstoimproveanimalantioxidantstatusandoxidativestabilityofproducts AT ruijbbessa condensedtanninsasantioxidantsinruminantseffectivenessandactionmechanismstoimproveanimalantioxidantstatusandoxidativestabilityofproducts AT elianajeronimo condensedtanninsasantioxidantsinruminantseffectivenessandactionmechanismstoimproveanimalantioxidantstatusandoxidativestabilityofproducts
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Condensed Tannins as Antioxidants in Ruminants—Effectiveness and Action Mechanisms to Improve Animal Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stability of Products

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