Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue,...

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Autores principales:	Khoshnur Jannat, Alok K. Paul, Tohmina A. Bondhon, Anamul Hasan, Muhammad Nawaz, Rownak Jahan, Tooba Mahboob, Veeranoot Nissapatorn, Polrat Wilairatana, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Mohammed Rahmatullah
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	flavonoids anti-viral nanotechnology bioavailability drug delivery Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/54634a9b07884c80b4240f7db5357cd7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:54634a9b07884c80b4240f7db5357cd72021-11-25T18:41:35ZNanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases10.3390/pharmaceutics131118951999-4923https://doaj.org/article/54634a9b07884c80b4240f7db5357cd72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1895https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4923Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue, Zika, and Nipah virus, as well as the re-emergence of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses. Notably, effective drugs or vaccines against these viruses are still to be discovered. All the newly approved vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2-induced disease COVID-19 possess real-time possibility of becoming obsolete because of the development of ‘variants of concern’. Flavonoids are being increasingly recognized as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against emerging and old viral diseases. Around 10,000 natural flavonoid compounds have been identified, being phytochemicals, all plant-based. Flavonoids have been reported to have lesser side effects than conventional anti-viral agents and are effective against more viral diseases than currently used anti-virals. Despite their abundance in plants, which are a part of human diet, flavonoids have the problem of low bioavailability. Various attempts are in progress to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids, one of the promising fields being nanotechnology. This review is a narrative of some anti-viral dietary flavonoids, their bioavailability, and various means with an emphasis on the nanotechnology system(s) being experimented with to deliver anti-viral flavonoids, whose systems show potential in the efficient delivery of flavonoids, resulting in increased bioavailability.Khoshnur JannatAlok K. PaulTohmina A. BondhonAnamul HasanMuhammad NawazRownak JahanTooba MahboobVeeranoot NissapatornPolrat WilairatanaMaria de Lourdes PereiraMohammed RahmatullahMDPI AGarticleflavonoidsanti-viralnanotechnologybioavailabilitydrug deliveryPharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441ENPharmaceutics, Vol 13, Iss 1895, p 1895 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	flavonoids anti-viral nanotechnology bioavailability drug delivery Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
spellingShingle	flavonoids anti-viral nanotechnology bioavailability drug delivery Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Khoshnur Jannat Alok K. Paul Tohmina A. Bondhon Anamul Hasan Muhammad Nawaz Rownak Jahan Tooba Mahboob Veeranoot Nissapatorn Polrat Wilairatana Maria de Lourdes Pereira Mohammed Rahmatullah Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases
description	Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue, Zika, and Nipah virus, as well as the re-emergence of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses. Notably, effective drugs or vaccines against these viruses are still to be discovered. All the newly approved vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2-induced disease COVID-19 possess real-time possibility of becoming obsolete because of the development of ‘variants of concern’. Flavonoids are being increasingly recognized as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against emerging and old viral diseases. Around 10,000 natural flavonoid compounds have been identified, being phytochemicals, all plant-based. Flavonoids have been reported to have lesser side effects than conventional anti-viral agents and are effective against more viral diseases than currently used anti-virals. Despite their abundance in plants, which are a part of human diet, flavonoids have the problem of low bioavailability. Various attempts are in progress to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids, one of the promising fields being nanotechnology. This review is a narrative of some anti-viral dietary flavonoids, their bioavailability, and various means with an emphasis on the nanotechnology system(s) being experimented with to deliver anti-viral flavonoids, whose systems show potential in the efficient delivery of flavonoids, resulting in increased bioavailability.
format	article
author	Khoshnur Jannat Alok K. Paul Tohmina A. Bondhon Anamul Hasan Muhammad Nawaz Rownak Jahan Tooba Mahboob Veeranoot Nissapatorn Polrat Wilairatana Maria de Lourdes Pereira Mohammed Rahmatullah
author_facet	Khoshnur Jannat Alok K. Paul Tohmina A. Bondhon Anamul Hasan Muhammad Nawaz Rownak Jahan Tooba Mahboob Veeranoot Nissapatorn Polrat Wilairatana Maria de Lourdes Pereira Mohammed Rahmatullah
author_sort	Khoshnur Jannat
title	Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases
title_short	Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases
title_full	Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases
title_fullStr	Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases
title_full_unstemmed	Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases
title_sort	nanotechnology applications of flavonoids for viral diseases
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/54634a9b07884c80b4240f7db5357cd7
work_keys_str_mv	AT khoshnurjannat nanotechnologyapplicationsofflavonoidsforviraldiseases AT alokkpaul nanotechnologyapplicationsofflavonoidsforviraldiseases AT tohminaabondhon nanotechnologyapplicationsofflavonoidsforviraldiseases AT anamulhasan nanotechnologyapplicationsofflavonoidsforviraldiseases AT muhammadnawaz nanotechnologyapplicationsofflavonoidsforviraldiseases AT rownakjahan nanotechnologyapplicationsofflavonoidsforviraldiseases AT toobamahboob nanotechnologyapplicationsofflavonoidsforviraldiseases AT veeranootnissapatorn nanotechnologyapplicationsofflavonoidsforviraldiseases AT polratwilairatana nanotechnologyapplicationsofflavonoidsforviraldiseases AT mariadelourdespereira nanotechnologyapplicationsofflavonoidsforviraldiseases AT mohammedrahmatullah nanotechnologyapplicationsofflavonoidsforviraldiseases
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Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases

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