Origins and Function of VL30 lncRNA Packaging in Small Extracellular Vesicles: Implications for Cellular Physiology and Pathology

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged during the post-genomic era as significant epigenetic regulators. Viral-like 30 elements (VL30s) are a family of mouse retrotransposons that are transcribed into functional lncRNAs. Recent data suggest that VL30 RNAs are efficiently packaged in small extra...

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Autores principales:	Stefania Mantziou, Georgios S. Markopoulos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	small extracellular vesicles VL30 lncRNA non-coding RNAs cancer SFPQ Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/546462aa2503468db0f0bbf1f8f26b73
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:546462aa2503468db0f0bbf1f8f26b732021-11-25T16:51:38ZOrigins and Function of VL30 lncRNA Packaging in Small Extracellular Vesicles: Implications for Cellular Physiology and Pathology10.3390/biomedicines91117422227-9059https://doaj.org/article/546462aa2503468db0f0bbf1f8f26b732021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1742https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9059Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged during the post-genomic era as significant epigenetic regulators. Viral-like 30 elements (VL30s) are a family of mouse retrotransposons that are transcribed into functional lncRNAs. Recent data suggest that VL30 RNAs are efficiently packaged in small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) through an SEV enrichment sequence. We analysed VL30 elements for the presence of the distinct 26 nt SEV enrichment motif and found that SEV enrichment is an inherent hallmark of the VL30 family, contained in 36 full-length elements, with a widespread chromosomal distribution. Among them, 25 elements represent active, present-day integrations and contain an abundance of regulatory sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a recent spread of SEV-VL30s from 4.4 million years ago till today. Importantly, 39 elements contain an SFPQ-binding motif, associated with the transcriptional induction of oncogenes. Most SEV-VL30s reside in transcriptionally active regions, as characterised by their distribution adjacent to candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs). Network analysis of SEV-VL30-associated genes suggests a distinct transcriptional footprint associated with embryonal abnormalities and neoplasia. Given the established role of VL30s in oncogenesis, we conclude that their potential to spread through SEVs represents a novel mechanism for non-coding RNA biology with numerous implications for cellular homeostasis and disease.Stefania MantziouGeorgios S. MarkopoulosMDPI AGarticlesmall extracellular vesiclesVL30 lncRNAnon-coding RNAscancerSFPQBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 1742, p 1742 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	small extracellular vesicles VL30 lncRNA non-coding RNAs cancer SFPQ Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	small extracellular vesicles VL30 lncRNA non-coding RNAs cancer SFPQ Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Stefania Mantziou Georgios S. Markopoulos Origins and Function of VL30 lncRNA Packaging in Small Extracellular Vesicles: Implications for Cellular Physiology and Pathology
description	Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged during the post-genomic era as significant epigenetic regulators. Viral-like 30 elements (VL30s) are a family of mouse retrotransposons that are transcribed into functional lncRNAs. Recent data suggest that VL30 RNAs are efficiently packaged in small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) through an SEV enrichment sequence. We analysed VL30 elements for the presence of the distinct 26 nt SEV enrichment motif and found that SEV enrichment is an inherent hallmark of the VL30 family, contained in 36 full-length elements, with a widespread chromosomal distribution. Among them, 25 elements represent active, present-day integrations and contain an abundance of regulatory sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a recent spread of SEV-VL30s from 4.4 million years ago till today. Importantly, 39 elements contain an SFPQ-binding motif, associated with the transcriptional induction of oncogenes. Most SEV-VL30s reside in transcriptionally active regions, as characterised by their distribution adjacent to candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs). Network analysis of SEV-VL30-associated genes suggests a distinct transcriptional footprint associated with embryonal abnormalities and neoplasia. Given the established role of VL30s in oncogenesis, we conclude that their potential to spread through SEVs represents a novel mechanism for non-coding RNA biology with numerous implications for cellular homeostasis and disease.
format	article
author	Stefania Mantziou Georgios S. Markopoulos
author_facet	Stefania Mantziou Georgios S. Markopoulos
author_sort	Stefania Mantziou
title	Origins and Function of VL30 lncRNA Packaging in Small Extracellular Vesicles: Implications for Cellular Physiology and Pathology
title_short	Origins and Function of VL30 lncRNA Packaging in Small Extracellular Vesicles: Implications for Cellular Physiology and Pathology
title_full	Origins and Function of VL30 lncRNA Packaging in Small Extracellular Vesicles: Implications for Cellular Physiology and Pathology
title_fullStr	Origins and Function of VL30 lncRNA Packaging in Small Extracellular Vesicles: Implications for Cellular Physiology and Pathology
title_full_unstemmed	Origins and Function of VL30 lncRNA Packaging in Small Extracellular Vesicles: Implications for Cellular Physiology and Pathology
title_sort	origins and function of vl30 lncrna packaging in small extracellular vesicles: implications for cellular physiology and pathology
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/546462aa2503468db0f0bbf1f8f26b73
work_keys_str_mv	AT stefaniamantziou originsandfunctionofvl30lncrnapackaginginsmallextracellularvesiclesimplicationsforcellularphysiologyandpathology AT georgiossmarkopoulos originsandfunctionofvl30lncrnapackaginginsmallextracellularvesiclesimplicationsforcellularphysiologyandpathology
_version_	1718412895431163904

Origins and Function of VL30 lncRNA Packaging in Small Extracellular Vesicles: Implications for Cellular Physiology and Pathology

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