Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of ancestral retroviruses that infected host germ cells in the past. Most ERVs are thought to be non-functional elements, but some ERVs retain open reading frames (ORFs) capable of expressing proteins. The proteins encoded by ERV-ORFs have potential roles...

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Autores principales:	Koichi Kitao, Aoi Sumiyoshi, So Nakagawa, Yuki Matsumoto, Takuya Mizuno, Takayuki Miyazawa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	dog endogenous retrovirus oral malignant melanoma protein-coding gene RNA-Seq Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5499fddd22434850a7866ce4dcdd2eca
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5499fddd22434850a7866ce4dcdd2eca2021-11-30T16:10:52ZSystematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma2673-818X10.3389/fviro.2021.785678https://doaj.org/article/5499fddd22434850a7866ce4dcdd2eca2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2021.785678/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2673-818XEndogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of ancestral retroviruses that infected host germ cells in the past. Most ERVs are thought to be non-functional elements, but some ERVs retain open reading frames (ORFs) capable of expressing proteins. The proteins encoded by ERV-ORFs have potential roles in oncogenesis; however, studies on mammals other than humans and mice are limited. Here, we identified ERV-derived genes expressed in canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM). We identified 11 ERV-derived genes in our OMM samples. Differential expression gene analysis revealed that four ERV-derived genes (PEG10, LOC102155597, and two newly identified genes) were upregulated in OMM compared to healthy tissues. PEG10 is a conserved long terminal repeat (LTR)-type retrotransposon-derived gene among mammals and is involved in human cancers. LOC102155597 is a retroviral env gene conserved in Carnivora. This Env protein harbors an immunosuppressive domain, implying the potential adverse effects on the immune system. While the production of viral particles from ERVs has been reported in human and mouse melanoma, we found no ERV-derived genes having the potential to produce viral particles. These results provide insights into the different and conserved features of ERV-derived genes in mammalian melanoma.Koichi KitaoAoi SumiyoshiSo NakagawaYuki MatsumotoTakuya MizunoTakayuki MiyazawaFrontiers Media S.A.articledogendogenous retrovirusoral malignant melanomaprotein-coding geneRNA-SeqMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Virology, Vol 1 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dog endogenous retrovirus oral malignant melanoma protein-coding gene RNA-Seq Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	dog endogenous retrovirus oral malignant melanoma protein-coding gene RNA-Seq Microbiology QR1-502 Koichi Kitao Aoi Sumiyoshi So Nakagawa Yuki Matsumoto Takuya Mizuno Takayuki Miyazawa Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma
description	Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of ancestral retroviruses that infected host germ cells in the past. Most ERVs are thought to be non-functional elements, but some ERVs retain open reading frames (ORFs) capable of expressing proteins. The proteins encoded by ERV-ORFs have potential roles in oncogenesis; however, studies on mammals other than humans and mice are limited. Here, we identified ERV-derived genes expressed in canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM). We identified 11 ERV-derived genes in our OMM samples. Differential expression gene analysis revealed that four ERV-derived genes (PEG10, LOC102155597, and two newly identified genes) were upregulated in OMM compared to healthy tissues. PEG10 is a conserved long terminal repeat (LTR)-type retrotransposon-derived gene among mammals and is involved in human cancers. LOC102155597 is a retroviral env gene conserved in Carnivora. This Env protein harbors an immunosuppressive domain, implying the potential adverse effects on the immune system. While the production of viral particles from ERVs has been reported in human and mouse melanoma, we found no ERV-derived genes having the potential to produce viral particles. These results provide insights into the different and conserved features of ERV-derived genes in mammalian melanoma.
format	article
author	Koichi Kitao Aoi Sumiyoshi So Nakagawa Yuki Matsumoto Takuya Mizuno Takayuki Miyazawa
author_facet	Koichi Kitao Aoi Sumiyoshi So Nakagawa Yuki Matsumoto Takuya Mizuno Takayuki Miyazawa
author_sort	Koichi Kitao
title	Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma
title_short	Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma
title_full	Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma
title_fullStr	Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma
title_full_unstemmed	Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma
title_sort	systematic identification of endogenous retroviral protein-coding genes expressed in canine oral malignant melanoma
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5499fddd22434850a7866ce4dcdd2eca
work_keys_str_mv	AT koichikitao systematicidentificationofendogenousretroviralproteincodinggenesexpressedincanineoralmalignantmelanoma AT aoisumiyoshi systematicidentificationofendogenousretroviralproteincodinggenesexpressedincanineoralmalignantmelanoma AT sonakagawa systematicidentificationofendogenousretroviralproteincodinggenesexpressedincanineoralmalignantmelanoma AT yukimatsumoto systematicidentificationofendogenousretroviralproteincodinggenesexpressedincanineoralmalignantmelanoma AT takuyamizuno systematicidentificationofendogenousretroviralproteincodinggenesexpressedincanineoralmalignantmelanoma AT takayukimiyazawa systematicidentificationofendogenousretroviralproteincodinggenesexpressedincanineoralmalignantmelanoma
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Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma

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