Tuberculosis State Is Associated with Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Sputum Macrophages

ABSTRACT During tuberculosis, macrophages are critical for both pathogen survival and host immune activation. Since expression of particular cell surface markers reflects cell function, we used flow cytometry to measure the abundance of surface markers associated with polarity, lipid uptake, or patt...

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Autores principales:	Karim Lakehal, David Levine, Kathleen F. Kerr, Pooja Vir, Natalie Bruiners, Alfred Lardizabal, Maria Laura Gennaro, Richard Pine
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	immunophenotyping innate immunity macrophage surface markers pattern recognition receptors tuberculosis biomarkers Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/54a18a8a646046b28c98667f0abe8998
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:54a18a8a646046b28c98667f0abe89982021-11-15T15:21:52ZTuberculosis State Is Associated with Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Sputum Macrophages10.1128/mSphere.00475-172379-5042https://doaj.org/article/54a18a8a646046b28c98667f0abe89982017-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00475-17https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT During tuberculosis, macrophages are critical for both pathogen survival and host immune activation. Since expression of particular cell surface markers reflects cell function, we used flow cytometry to measure the abundance of surface markers associated with polarity, lipid uptake, or pattern recognition on macrophages found in induced sputum. Nine macrophage surface markers were examined from three groups of donors: infection-free, latent tuberculosis infection, and active pulmonary tuberculosis. Using a trend test, we found that expression of Toll-like receptor 2 was greater from absence of infection to latent infection and from latent infection to active tuberculosis. The results point to the possibility that innate immune cell phenotypes be used to distinguish among tuberculosis infection stages. Moreover, this study shows that readily accessible sputum macrophages have potential for tuberculosis diagnosis and prognosis. IMPORTANCE Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that parasitizes the host macrophage. While approximately two billion people are infected worldwide, only 5 to 10% become diseased with pulmonary tuberculosis, at least in the absence of comorbidities. Tuberculosis control requires development of noninvasive methods probing the host immune status to help distinguish latent infection from active tuberculosis. With such methods, high-risk individuals could be targeted for treatment before disease manifestation. Previous investigations have been based on examination of peripheral blood cells or, more rarely, lung macrophages obtained with invasive procedures, such as bronchoalveolar lavages. Here we show that differences exist in the expression of a surface protein (Toll-like receptor 2) between macrophages recovered from the sputum of individuals in different diagnostic groups: i.e., infection free, latent tuberculosis infection, and active pulmonary tuberculosis. Thus, phenotypic analysis of local macrophages obtained with noninvasive procedures can help distinguish among tuberculosis infection stages.Karim LakehalDavid LevineKathleen F. KerrPooja VirNatalie BruinersAlfred LardizabalMaria Laura GennaroRichard PineAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticleimmunophenotypinginnate immunitymacrophage surface markerspattern recognition receptorstuberculosis biomarkersMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 2, Iss 6 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	immunophenotyping innate immunity macrophage surface markers pattern recognition receptors tuberculosis biomarkers Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	immunophenotyping innate immunity macrophage surface markers pattern recognition receptors tuberculosis biomarkers Microbiology QR1-502 Karim Lakehal David Levine Kathleen F. Kerr Pooja Vir Natalie Bruiners Alfred Lardizabal Maria Laura Gennaro Richard Pine Tuberculosis State Is Associated with Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Sputum Macrophages
description	ABSTRACT During tuberculosis, macrophages are critical for both pathogen survival and host immune activation. Since expression of particular cell surface markers reflects cell function, we used flow cytometry to measure the abundance of surface markers associated with polarity, lipid uptake, or pattern recognition on macrophages found in induced sputum. Nine macrophage surface markers were examined from three groups of donors: infection-free, latent tuberculosis infection, and active pulmonary tuberculosis. Using a trend test, we found that expression of Toll-like receptor 2 was greater from absence of infection to latent infection and from latent infection to active tuberculosis. The results point to the possibility that innate immune cell phenotypes be used to distinguish among tuberculosis infection stages. Moreover, this study shows that readily accessible sputum macrophages have potential for tuberculosis diagnosis and prognosis. IMPORTANCE Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that parasitizes the host macrophage. While approximately two billion people are infected worldwide, only 5 to 10% become diseased with pulmonary tuberculosis, at least in the absence of comorbidities. Tuberculosis control requires development of noninvasive methods probing the host immune status to help distinguish latent infection from active tuberculosis. With such methods, high-risk individuals could be targeted for treatment before disease manifestation. Previous investigations have been based on examination of peripheral blood cells or, more rarely, lung macrophages obtained with invasive procedures, such as bronchoalveolar lavages. Here we show that differences exist in the expression of a surface protein (Toll-like receptor 2) between macrophages recovered from the sputum of individuals in different diagnostic groups: i.e., infection free, latent tuberculosis infection, and active pulmonary tuberculosis. Thus, phenotypic analysis of local macrophages obtained with noninvasive procedures can help distinguish among tuberculosis infection stages.
format	article
author	Karim Lakehal David Levine Kathleen F. Kerr Pooja Vir Natalie Bruiners Alfred Lardizabal Maria Laura Gennaro Richard Pine
author_facet	Karim Lakehal David Levine Kathleen F. Kerr Pooja Vir Natalie Bruiners Alfred Lardizabal Maria Laura Gennaro Richard Pine
author_sort	Karim Lakehal
title	Tuberculosis State Is Associated with Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Sputum Macrophages
title_short	Tuberculosis State Is Associated with Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Sputum Macrophages
title_full	Tuberculosis State Is Associated with Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Sputum Macrophages
title_fullStr	Tuberculosis State Is Associated with Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Sputum Macrophages
title_full_unstemmed	Tuberculosis State Is Associated with Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Sputum Macrophages
title_sort	tuberculosis state is associated with expression of toll-like receptor 2 in sputum macrophages
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/54a18a8a646046b28c98667f0abe8998
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Tuberculosis State Is Associated with Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Sputum Macrophages

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