Some opportunities for immunotherapy in coronavirus infection

Here we review means of immunomodulatory therapy for coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). It has been appreciated that highly limited arsenal of relatively effective means and methods of prevention and treatment of the COVID-19 pandemic is available. The goal of our study was to an...

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Autores principales:	V. S. Smirnov, Areg A. Totolian
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	RU
Publicado:	Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera 2020
Materias:	coronavirus sars-cov mers-cov covid-19 serotherapy plasma of convalescents monoclonal antibodies chloroquine dihydrochloroquine cytovir-3 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/54c9f36d33bd4b29beb0e3e5c4c777a2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:54c9f36d33bd4b29beb0e3e5c4c777a22021-11-22T07:09:54ZSome opportunities for immunotherapy in coronavirus infection2220-76192313-739810.15789/2220-7619-SPO-1470https://doaj.org/article/54c9f36d33bd4b29beb0e3e5c4c777a22020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1470https://doaj.org/toc/2220-7619https://doaj.org/toc/2313-7398Here we review means of immunomodulatory therapy for coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). It has been appreciated that highly limited arsenal of relatively effective means and methods of prevention and treatment of the COVID-19 pandemic is available. The goal of our study was to analyze some therapeutic approaches based on available publications for COVID-19 treatment viewed from acting via innate immunity system. Convalescent plasma serotherapy represents one of the means with verified therapeutic efficacy that was accompanied with decreased viral load and relief of the disease symptoms. The drawback of serotherapy results from limited number of potential plasma donors and profound variety in amount of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies found in donor plasma. Another approach to COVID-19 therapy is based on using monoclonal antibodies engineered to target specific virus antigenic determinants, most often surface spike antigen. Antibodies blocking such antigen are able to prevent virus entrance into target cells and development of overt infection. On the other hand, there are monoclonal antibodies abrogating production or binding of excessive amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNFα, etc., some of which (tocilizumab) have been already tested in COVID-19 therapy, whereas the remaining preparations are being currently investigated and tested. A certain breakthrough in COVID-19 therapy was provided by the well-known drugs chloroquine and dihydrochloroquine, which have proven to be effective as antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory means. Finally, a new multicomponent immunomodulatory preparation Cytovir-3 has been proposed already passed clinical trials and recommended for use in prevention and treatment of influenza and SARS and might have found its own niche in preventing COVID-19, as SARS-CoV-2 also belongs to the group of acute respiratory viruses. Thus, the arsenal of means for COVID-19 prevention and treatment contains the drugs for immunomodulatory therapy and prevention of immune-related disorders developing in response to invasion pathogenic viruses and lowering a risk of possible damage. Hence, correct and scientifically justified use of such remedies will increase overall effectiveness of fight against the coronavirus pandemic.V. S. SmirnovAreg A. TotolianSankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pasteraarticlecoronavirussars-covmers-covcovid-19serotherapyplasma of convalescentsmonoclonal antibodieschloroquinedihydrochloroquinecytovir-3Infectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216RUInfekciâ i Immunitet, Vol 10, Iss 3, Pp 446-458 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	RU
topic	coronavirus sars-cov mers-cov covid-19 serotherapy plasma of convalescents monoclonal antibodies chloroquine dihydrochloroquine cytovir-3 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	coronavirus sars-cov mers-cov covid-19 serotherapy plasma of convalescents monoclonal antibodies chloroquine dihydrochloroquine cytovir-3 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 V. S. Smirnov Areg A. Totolian Some opportunities for immunotherapy in coronavirus infection
description	Here we review means of immunomodulatory therapy for coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). It has been appreciated that highly limited arsenal of relatively effective means and methods of prevention and treatment of the COVID-19 pandemic is available. The goal of our study was to analyze some therapeutic approaches based on available publications for COVID-19 treatment viewed from acting via innate immunity system. Convalescent plasma serotherapy represents one of the means with verified therapeutic efficacy that was accompanied with decreased viral load and relief of the disease symptoms. The drawback of serotherapy results from limited number of potential plasma donors and profound variety in amount of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies found in donor plasma. Another approach to COVID-19 therapy is based on using monoclonal antibodies engineered to target specific virus antigenic determinants, most often surface spike antigen. Antibodies blocking such antigen are able to prevent virus entrance into target cells and development of overt infection. On the other hand, there are monoclonal antibodies abrogating production or binding of excessive amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNFα, etc., some of which (tocilizumab) have been already tested in COVID-19 therapy, whereas the remaining preparations are being currently investigated and tested. A certain breakthrough in COVID-19 therapy was provided by the well-known drugs chloroquine and dihydrochloroquine, which have proven to be effective as antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory means. Finally, a new multicomponent immunomodulatory preparation Cytovir-3 has been proposed already passed clinical trials and recommended for use in prevention and treatment of influenza and SARS and might have found its own niche in preventing COVID-19, as SARS-CoV-2 also belongs to the group of acute respiratory viruses. Thus, the arsenal of means for COVID-19 prevention and treatment contains the drugs for immunomodulatory therapy and prevention of immune-related disorders developing in response to invasion pathogenic viruses and lowering a risk of possible damage. Hence, correct and scientifically justified use of such remedies will increase overall effectiveness of fight against the coronavirus pandemic.
format	article
author	V. S. Smirnov Areg A. Totolian
author_facet	V. S. Smirnov Areg A. Totolian
author_sort	V. S. Smirnov
title	Some opportunities for immunotherapy in coronavirus infection
title_short	Some opportunities for immunotherapy in coronavirus infection
title_full	Some opportunities for immunotherapy in coronavirus infection
title_fullStr	Some opportunities for immunotherapy in coronavirus infection
title_full_unstemmed	Some opportunities for immunotherapy in coronavirus infection
title_sort	some opportunities for immunotherapy in coronavirus infection
publisher	Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/54c9f36d33bd4b29beb0e3e5c4c777a2
work_keys_str_mv	AT vssmirnov someopportunitiesforimmunotherapyincoronavirusinfection AT aregatotolian someopportunitiesforimmunotherapyincoronavirusinfection
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Some opportunities for immunotherapy in coronavirus infection

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