Nitrogen and Sulfur Additions Improved the Diversity of nirK- and nirS-Type Denitrifying Bacterial Communities of Farmland Soil

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition can change above- and belowground biodiversity, including soil microbial diversity. The diversity of denitrifying microorganisms is of great significance to the calculation of the global nitrogen cycle and nitrogen flux. For a long time, ...

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Autores principales:	Xuan Chen, Hui Wei, Jiaen Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	N and S addition denitrification abundance diversity community structure Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/54ca754677b54596bfd52831b490ffdb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:54ca754677b54596bfd52831b490ffdb2021-11-25T16:47:51ZNitrogen and Sulfur Additions Improved the Diversity of <i>nirK</i>- and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifying Bacterial Communities of Farmland Soil10.3390/biology101111912079-7737https://doaj.org/article/54ca754677b54596bfd52831b490ffdb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1191https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition can change above- and belowground biodiversity, including soil microbial diversity. The diversity of denitrifying microorganisms is of great significance to the calculation of the global nitrogen cycle and nitrogen flux. For a long time, <i>nirK</i> and <i>nirS</i> have been used as the functional genes to study denitrifying microorganisms, and have gradually become molecular markers for studying the composition and diversity of denitrifying bacteria. Here, three-time exposures to N and S applications (7, 30, and 60 days), were independently established. Additionally, the abundance, diversity, and structure of <i>nirK</i>- and <i>nirS</i>-type denitrifying communities were examined by sequencing analyses in response to three treatments, namely, N and S (T<sub>N/S</sub>), sodium chloride (T<sub>NaCl</sub>) and deionized water (pH = 7.0) (CK). Our results suggest that T<sub>N/S</sub> led to higher electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), nitrate nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N), ammonium nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N), and lower pH compared with T<sub>NaCl</sub> and CK, which affected the diversity of <i>nirK</i>- and <i>nirS</i>-type denitrifying bacterial communities. We also observed that the <i>nirK</i>-type denitrifying community demonstrated a higher sensitivity to N and S additions. Overall, our results are important for the understanding of nitrogen in soil and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions.Xuan ChenHui WeiJiaen ZhangMDPI AGarticleN and S additiondenitrificationabundancediversitycommunity structureBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiology, Vol 10, Iss 1191, p 1191 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	N and S addition denitrification abundance diversity community structure Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	N and S addition denitrification abundance diversity community structure Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Xuan Chen Hui Wei Jiaen Zhang Nitrogen and Sulfur Additions Improved the Diversity of <i>nirK</i>- and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifying Bacterial Communities of Farmland Soil
description	Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition can change above- and belowground biodiversity, including soil microbial diversity. The diversity of denitrifying microorganisms is of great significance to the calculation of the global nitrogen cycle and nitrogen flux. For a long time, <i>nirK</i> and <i>nirS</i> have been used as the functional genes to study denitrifying microorganisms, and have gradually become molecular markers for studying the composition and diversity of denitrifying bacteria. Here, three-time exposures to N and S applications (7, 30, and 60 days), were independently established. Additionally, the abundance, diversity, and structure of <i>nirK</i>- and <i>nirS</i>-type denitrifying communities were examined by sequencing analyses in response to three treatments, namely, N and S (T<sub>N/S</sub>), sodium chloride (T<sub>NaCl</sub>) and deionized water (pH = 7.0) (CK). Our results suggest that T<sub>N/S</sub> led to higher electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), nitrate nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N), ammonium nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N), and lower pH compared with T<sub>NaCl</sub> and CK, which affected the diversity of <i>nirK</i>- and <i>nirS</i>-type denitrifying bacterial communities. We also observed that the <i>nirK</i>-type denitrifying community demonstrated a higher sensitivity to N and S additions. Overall, our results are important for the understanding of nitrogen in soil and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions.
format	article
author	Xuan Chen Hui Wei Jiaen Zhang
author_facet	Xuan Chen Hui Wei Jiaen Zhang
author_sort	Xuan Chen
title	Nitrogen and Sulfur Additions Improved the Diversity of <i>nirK</i>- and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifying Bacterial Communities of Farmland Soil
title_short	Nitrogen and Sulfur Additions Improved the Diversity of <i>nirK</i>- and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifying Bacterial Communities of Farmland Soil
title_full	Nitrogen and Sulfur Additions Improved the Diversity of <i>nirK</i>- and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifying Bacterial Communities of Farmland Soil
title_fullStr	Nitrogen and Sulfur Additions Improved the Diversity of <i>nirK</i>- and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifying Bacterial Communities of Farmland Soil
title_full_unstemmed	Nitrogen and Sulfur Additions Improved the Diversity of <i>nirK</i>- and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifying Bacterial Communities of Farmland Soil
title_sort	nitrogen and sulfur additions improved the diversity of <i>nirk</i>- and <i>nirs</i>-type denitrifying bacterial communities of farmland soil
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/54ca754677b54596bfd52831b490ffdb
work_keys_str_mv	AT xuanchen nitrogenandsulfuradditionsimprovedthediversityofinirkiandinirsitypedenitrifyingbacterialcommunitiesoffarmlandsoil AT huiwei nitrogenandsulfuradditionsimprovedthediversityofinirkiandinirsitypedenitrifyingbacterialcommunitiesoffarmlandsoil AT jiaenzhang nitrogenandsulfuradditionsimprovedthediversityofinirkiandinirsitypedenitrifyingbacterialcommunitiesoffarmlandsoil
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Nitrogen and Sulfur Additions Improved the Diversity of <i>nirK</i>- and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifying Bacterial Communities of Farmland Soil

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