Skeletochronology and Paleohistology of <i>Hyposaurus rogersii</i> (Crocodyliformes, Dyrosauridae) from the Early Paleogene of New Jersey, USA

The paleohistology of dyrosaurids is known from a small sample, despite being common fossils and representing a rare lineage of crocodylomorphs that survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction. Their lifestyle has been inferred only from sections of the snout, vertebrae, partial femur, and tibia. T...

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Autores principales:	Rodrigo A. Pellegrini, Wayne R. Callahan, Alexander K. Hastings, David C. Parris, John D. McCauley
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	skeletochronology paleohistology Dyrosauridae <i>Hyposaurus</i> external fundamental system sexual size dimorphism Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/54dbe6324f8d4361b4fe1afe231110c3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:54dbe6324f8d4361b4fe1afe231110c32021-11-25T16:14:26ZSkeletochronology and Paleohistology of <i>Hyposaurus rogersii</i> (Crocodyliformes, Dyrosauridae) from the Early Paleogene of New Jersey, USA10.3390/ani111130672076-2615https://doaj.org/article/54dbe6324f8d4361b4fe1afe231110c32021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3067https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615The paleohistology of dyrosaurids is known from a small sample, despite being common fossils and representing a rare lineage of crocodylomorphs that survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction. Their lifestyle has been inferred only from sections of the snout, vertebrae, partial femur, and tibia. To improve this, we conducted a skeletochronological and paleohistological study of midshaft cross-sections of both femora and humeri of a nearly complete <i>Hyposaurus rogersii</i> skeleton. We found lamellar-zonal bone that underwent remodeling, evidenced by resorption cavities and abundant secondary osteons within the primary periosteal cortex. The osteons, mostly longitudinally oriented and arranged in circular rows, often anastomose radially along a linear path, resembling radial rows. The medullary cavity is completely open, lacking trabeculae: endosteal deposition is limited to thin lamellae surrounding the cavity. Analysis of cyclical growth marks and the presence of an external fundamental system indicate the specimen was a fully mature adult 17–18 years of age. Comparison of the skeleton to others suggests sexual dimorphism and that it was female. The open medullary cavity, and no evidence for pachyosteosclerosis, osteosclerosis, osteoporosis, or pachyostosis indicate <i>H. rogersii</i> was not a deep diver or a fast swimmer in the open ocean but a near-shore marine ambush predator.Rodrigo A. PellegriniWayne R. CallahanAlexander K. HastingsDavid C. ParrisJohn D. McCauleyMDPI AGarticleskeletochronologypaleohistologyDyrosauridae<i>Hyposaurus</i>external fundamental systemsexual size dimorphismVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3067, p 3067 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	skeletochronology paleohistology Dyrosauridae <i>Hyposaurus</i> external fundamental system sexual size dimorphism Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	skeletochronology paleohistology Dyrosauridae <i>Hyposaurus</i> external fundamental system sexual size dimorphism Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Rodrigo A. Pellegrini Wayne R. Callahan Alexander K. Hastings David C. Parris John D. McCauley Skeletochronology and Paleohistology of <i>Hyposaurus rogersii</i> (Crocodyliformes, Dyrosauridae) from the Early Paleogene of New Jersey, USA
description	The paleohistology of dyrosaurids is known from a small sample, despite being common fossils and representing a rare lineage of crocodylomorphs that survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction. Their lifestyle has been inferred only from sections of the snout, vertebrae, partial femur, and tibia. To improve this, we conducted a skeletochronological and paleohistological study of midshaft cross-sections of both femora and humeri of a nearly complete <i>Hyposaurus rogersii</i> skeleton. We found lamellar-zonal bone that underwent remodeling, evidenced by resorption cavities and abundant secondary osteons within the primary periosteal cortex. The osteons, mostly longitudinally oriented and arranged in circular rows, often anastomose radially along a linear path, resembling radial rows. The medullary cavity is completely open, lacking trabeculae: endosteal deposition is limited to thin lamellae surrounding the cavity. Analysis of cyclical growth marks and the presence of an external fundamental system indicate the specimen was a fully mature adult 17–18 years of age. Comparison of the skeleton to others suggests sexual dimorphism and that it was female. The open medullary cavity, and no evidence for pachyosteosclerosis, osteosclerosis, osteoporosis, or pachyostosis indicate <i>H. rogersii</i> was not a deep diver or a fast swimmer in the open ocean but a near-shore marine ambush predator.
format	article
author	Rodrigo A. Pellegrini Wayne R. Callahan Alexander K. Hastings David C. Parris John D. McCauley
author_facet	Rodrigo A. Pellegrini Wayne R. Callahan Alexander K. Hastings David C. Parris John D. McCauley
author_sort	Rodrigo A. Pellegrini
title	Skeletochronology and Paleohistology of <i>Hyposaurus rogersii</i> (Crocodyliformes, Dyrosauridae) from the Early Paleogene of New Jersey, USA
title_short	Skeletochronology and Paleohistology of <i>Hyposaurus rogersii</i> (Crocodyliformes, Dyrosauridae) from the Early Paleogene of New Jersey, USA
title_full	Skeletochronology and Paleohistology of <i>Hyposaurus rogersii</i> (Crocodyliformes, Dyrosauridae) from the Early Paleogene of New Jersey, USA
title_fullStr	Skeletochronology and Paleohistology of <i>Hyposaurus rogersii</i> (Crocodyliformes, Dyrosauridae) from the Early Paleogene of New Jersey, USA
title_full_unstemmed	Skeletochronology and Paleohistology of <i>Hyposaurus rogersii</i> (Crocodyliformes, Dyrosauridae) from the Early Paleogene of New Jersey, USA
title_sort	skeletochronology and paleohistology of <i>hyposaurus rogersii</i> (crocodyliformes, dyrosauridae) from the early paleogene of new jersey, usa
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/54dbe6324f8d4361b4fe1afe231110c3
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Skeletochronology and Paleohistology of <i>Hyposaurus rogersii</i> (Crocodyliformes, Dyrosauridae) from the Early Paleogene of New Jersey, USA

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