Heterotrimeric G Proteins in Plants: Canonical and Atypical Gα Subunits

Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins), consisting of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits, transduce signals from a diverse range of extracellular stimuli, resulting in the regulation of numerous cellular and physiological functions in Eukaryotes. According to the classic G protein paradigm established...

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Autores principales:	Natsumi Maruta, Yuri Trusov, Alan M. Jones, Jose R. Botella
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	heterotrimeric G proteins GTPase signal transduction GDP-GTP exchange plant biology G protein activation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/54e9b6a4ce384605ba16ff05c4a01f60
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:54e9b6a4ce384605ba16ff05c4a01f602021-11-11T17:16:19ZHeterotrimeric G Proteins in Plants: Canonical and Atypical Gα Subunits10.3390/ijms2221118411422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/54e9b6a4ce384605ba16ff05c4a01f602021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11841https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins), consisting of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits, transduce signals from a diverse range of extracellular stimuli, resulting in the regulation of numerous cellular and physiological functions in Eukaryotes. According to the classic G protein paradigm established in animal models, the bound guanine nucleotide on a Gα subunit, either guanosine diphosphate (GDP) or guanosine triphosphate (GTP) determines the inactive or active mode, respectively. In plants, there are two types of Gα subunits: canonical Gα subunits structurally similar to their animal counterparts and unconventional extra-large Gα subunits (XLGs) containing a C-terminal domain homologous to the canonical Gα along with an extended N-terminal domain. Both Gα and XLG subunits interact with Gβγ dimers and regulator of G protein signalling (RGS) protein. Plant G proteins are implicated directly or indirectly in developmental processes, stress responses, and innate immunity. It is established that despite the substantial overall similarity between plant and animal Gα subunits, they convey signalling differently including the mechanism by which they are activated. This review emphasizes the unique characteristics of plant Gα subunits and speculates on their unique signalling mechanisms.Natsumi MarutaYuri TrusovAlan M. JonesJose R. BotellaMDPI AGarticleheterotrimeric G proteinsGTPasesignal transductionGDP-GTP exchangeplant biologyG protein activationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11841, p 11841 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	heterotrimeric G proteins GTPase signal transduction GDP-GTP exchange plant biology G protein activation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	heterotrimeric G proteins GTPase signal transduction GDP-GTP exchange plant biology G protein activation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Natsumi Maruta Yuri Trusov Alan M. Jones Jose R. Botella Heterotrimeric G Proteins in Plants: Canonical and Atypical Gα Subunits
description	Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins), consisting of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits, transduce signals from a diverse range of extracellular stimuli, resulting in the regulation of numerous cellular and physiological functions in Eukaryotes. According to the classic G protein paradigm established in animal models, the bound guanine nucleotide on a Gα subunit, either guanosine diphosphate (GDP) or guanosine triphosphate (GTP) determines the inactive or active mode, respectively. In plants, there are two types of Gα subunits: canonical Gα subunits structurally similar to their animal counterparts and unconventional extra-large Gα subunits (XLGs) containing a C-terminal domain homologous to the canonical Gα along with an extended N-terminal domain. Both Gα and XLG subunits interact with Gβγ dimers and regulator of G protein signalling (RGS) protein. Plant G proteins are implicated directly or indirectly in developmental processes, stress responses, and innate immunity. It is established that despite the substantial overall similarity between plant and animal Gα subunits, they convey signalling differently including the mechanism by which they are activated. This review emphasizes the unique characteristics of plant Gα subunits and speculates on their unique signalling mechanisms.
format	article
author	Natsumi Maruta Yuri Trusov Alan M. Jones Jose R. Botella
author_facet	Natsumi Maruta Yuri Trusov Alan M. Jones Jose R. Botella
author_sort	Natsumi Maruta
title	Heterotrimeric G Proteins in Plants: Canonical and Atypical Gα Subunits
title_short	Heterotrimeric G Proteins in Plants: Canonical and Atypical Gα Subunits
title_full	Heterotrimeric G Proteins in Plants: Canonical and Atypical Gα Subunits
title_fullStr	Heterotrimeric G Proteins in Plants: Canonical and Atypical Gα Subunits
title_full_unstemmed	Heterotrimeric G Proteins in Plants: Canonical and Atypical Gα Subunits
title_sort	heterotrimeric g proteins in plants: canonical and atypical gα subunits
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/54e9b6a4ce384605ba16ff05c4a01f60
work_keys_str_mv	AT natsumimaruta heterotrimericgproteinsinplantscanonicalandatypicalgasubunits AT yuritrusov heterotrimericgproteinsinplantscanonicalandatypicalgasubunits AT alanmjones heterotrimericgproteinsinplantscanonicalandatypicalgasubunits AT joserbotella heterotrimericgproteinsinplantscanonicalandatypicalgasubunits
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Heterotrimeric G Proteins in Plants: Canonical and Atypical Gα Subunits

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