Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract River sand samples have been collected from Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India for characterization of minerals and heavy metals by different spectroscopic techniques. Initially, the samples were subjected by Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopic technique and infra-red absorption...

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Autores principales:	A. Chandrasekaran, C. K. Senthil Kumar, V. Sathish, S. Manigandan, A. Tamilarasi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/550a6a2421c04149bdfd0cc8b35cd4b4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:550a6a2421c04149bdfd0cc8b35cd4b42021-12-05T12:16:01ZEffect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India10.1038/s41598-021-02717-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/550a6a2421c04149bdfd0cc8b35cd4b42021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02717-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract River sand samples have been collected from Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India for characterization of minerals and heavy metals by different spectroscopic techniques. Initially, the samples were subjected by Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopic technique and infra-red absorption bands values are observed in the range of 515–520, 695–700, 775–780 cm−1 which shows the presence of quartz in all the samples. Similarly, infra-red peaks were absorbed for feldspar, kaolinite, calcite, gibbsite and organic carbon and confirmed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Additionally, zircon, aragonite, magnetite and kyanite minerals were identified in the samples using only the XRD method. The concentration of heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, Hg, As, Mn, Cu has been determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). An average metal concentration measured in mg kg−1 were: Pb 0.12, As 0.15, Hg 0.13, Cu 2.80, Zn 10.15 Cr 12.70, Ni 2.86 and Mn 104.94 and hence found in the order of Mn > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > As > Hg > Pb. These average values do not exceed the world average value and hence potentially do not affect the quality of sand in the river. In addition to that, presences of heavy metals are confirmed by scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) analysis. In order to understand the possible natural and anthropogenic sources of heavy metals, multivariate statistical techniques such as Pearson correlation, principal component and cluster analysis were performed. Results obtained from the statistical techniques were good agreement with each other.A. ChandrasekaranC. K. Senthil KumarV. SathishS. ManigandanA. TamilarasiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q A. Chandrasekaran C. K. Senthil Kumar V. Sathish S. Manigandan A. Tamilarasi Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India
description	Abstract River sand samples have been collected from Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India for characterization of minerals and heavy metals by different spectroscopic techniques. Initially, the samples were subjected by Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopic technique and infra-red absorption bands values are observed in the range of 515–520, 695–700, 775–780 cm−1 which shows the presence of quartz in all the samples. Similarly, infra-red peaks were absorbed for feldspar, kaolinite, calcite, gibbsite and organic carbon and confirmed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Additionally, zircon, aragonite, magnetite and kyanite minerals were identified in the samples using only the XRD method. The concentration of heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, Hg, As, Mn, Cu has been determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). An average metal concentration measured in mg kg−1 were: Pb 0.12, As 0.15, Hg 0.13, Cu 2.80, Zn 10.15 Cr 12.70, Ni 2.86 and Mn 104.94 and hence found in the order of Mn > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > As > Hg > Pb. These average values do not exceed the world average value and hence potentially do not affect the quality of sand in the river. In addition to that, presences of heavy metals are confirmed by scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) analysis. In order to understand the possible natural and anthropogenic sources of heavy metals, multivariate statistical techniques such as Pearson correlation, principal component and cluster analysis were performed. Results obtained from the statistical techniques were good agreement with each other.
format	article
author	A. Chandrasekaran C. K. Senthil Kumar V. Sathish S. Manigandan A. Tamilarasi
author_facet	A. Chandrasekaran C. K. Senthil Kumar V. Sathish S. Manigandan A. Tamilarasi
author_sort	A. Chandrasekaran
title	Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India
title_short	Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India
title_full	Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India
title_fullStr	Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India
title_sort	effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of ponnai river, tamil nadu, india
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/550a6a2421c04149bdfd0cc8b35cd4b4
work_keys_str_mv	AT achandrasekaran effectofmineralsandheavymetalsinsandsamplesofponnairivertamilnaduindia AT cksenthilkumar effectofmineralsandheavymetalsinsandsamplesofponnairivertamilnaduindia AT vsathish effectofmineralsandheavymetalsinsandsamplesofponnairivertamilnaduindia AT smanigandan effectofmineralsandheavymetalsinsandsamplesofponnairivertamilnaduindia AT atamilarasi effectofmineralsandheavymetalsinsandsamplesofponnairivertamilnaduindia
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Effect of minerals and heavy metals in sand samples of Ponnai river, Tamil Nadu, India

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