The Use of High Surface Area Mesoporous-Activated Carbon from Longan Seed Biomass for Increasing Capacity and Kinetics of Methylene Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

Microporous- and mesoporous-activated carbons were produced from longan seed biomass through physical activation with CO<sub>2</sub> under the same activation conditions of time and temperature. The specially prepared mesoporous carbon showed the maximum porous properties with the specif...

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Autores principales:	Panuwat Lawtae, Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	adsorption capacity adsorption kinetics adsorption isotherms activated carbon longan fruit seed methylene blue Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5553a82a763841598506552ffad39b2d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5553a82a763841598506552ffad39b2d2021-11-11T18:30:44ZThe Use of High Surface Area Mesoporous-Activated Carbon from Longan Seed Biomass for Increasing Capacity and Kinetics of Methylene Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution10.3390/molecules262165211420-3049https://doaj.org/article/5553a82a763841598506552ffad39b2d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6521https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049Microporous- and mesoporous-activated carbons were produced from longan seed biomass through physical activation with CO<sub>2</sub> under the same activation conditions of time and temperature. The specially prepared mesoporous carbon showed the maximum porous properties with the specific surface area of 1773 m<sup>2</sup>/g and mesopore volume of 0.474 cm<sup>3</sup>/g which accounts for 44.1% of the total pore volume. These activated carbons were utilized as porous adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution and their effectiveness was evaluated for both the adsorption kinetics and capacity. The adsorption kinetic data of MB were analyzed by the pseudo-first-order model, the pseudo-second-order model, and the pore-diffusion model equations. It was found that the adsorption kinetic behavior for all carbons tested was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The effective pore diffusivity (D<sub>e</sub>) derived from the pore-diffusion model had the values of 4.657 × 10<sup>−7</sup>–6.014 × 10<sup>−7</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s and 4.668 × 10<sup>−7</sup>–19.920 × 10<sup>−7</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s for the microporous- and mesoporous-activated carbons, respectively. Three well-known adsorption models, namely the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson equations were tested with the experimental MB adsorption isotherms, and the results showed that the Redlich–Peterson model provided the overall best fitting of the isotherm data. In addition, the maximum capacity for MB adsorption of 1000 mg/g was achieved with the mesoporous carbon having the largest surface area and pore volume. The initial pH of MB solution had virtually no effect on the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of the methylene blue dye. Increasing temperature over the range from 35 to 55 °C increased the adsorption of methylene blue, presumably caused by the increase in the diffusion rate of methylene blue to the adsorption sites that could promote the interaction frequency between the adsorbent surface and the adsorbate molecules. Overall, the high surface area mesoporous carbon was superior to the microporous carbon in view of the adsorption kinetics and capacity, when both carbons were used for the removal of MB from an aqueous solution.Panuwat LawtaeChaiyot TangsathitkulchaiMDPI AGarticleadsorption capacityadsorption kineticsadsorption isothermsactivated carbonlongan fruit seedmethylene blueOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6521, p 6521 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adsorption capacity adsorption kinetics adsorption isotherms activated carbon longan fruit seed methylene blue Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	adsorption capacity adsorption kinetics adsorption isotherms activated carbon longan fruit seed methylene blue Organic chemistry QD241-441 Panuwat Lawtae Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai The Use of High Surface Area Mesoporous-Activated Carbon from Longan Seed Biomass for Increasing Capacity and Kinetics of Methylene Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution
description	Microporous- and mesoporous-activated carbons were produced from longan seed biomass through physical activation with CO<sub>2</sub> under the same activation conditions of time and temperature. The specially prepared mesoporous carbon showed the maximum porous properties with the specific surface area of 1773 m<sup>2</sup>/g and mesopore volume of 0.474 cm<sup>3</sup>/g which accounts for 44.1% of the total pore volume. These activated carbons were utilized as porous adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution and their effectiveness was evaluated for both the adsorption kinetics and capacity. The adsorption kinetic data of MB were analyzed by the pseudo-first-order model, the pseudo-second-order model, and the pore-diffusion model equations. It was found that the adsorption kinetic behavior for all carbons tested was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The effective pore diffusivity (D<sub>e</sub>) derived from the pore-diffusion model had the values of 4.657 × 10<sup>−7</sup>–6.014 × 10<sup>−7</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s and 4.668 × 10<sup>−7</sup>–19.920 × 10<sup>−7</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s for the microporous- and mesoporous-activated carbons, respectively. Three well-known adsorption models, namely the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson equations were tested with the experimental MB adsorption isotherms, and the results showed that the Redlich–Peterson model provided the overall best fitting of the isotherm data. In addition, the maximum capacity for MB adsorption of 1000 mg/g was achieved with the mesoporous carbon having the largest surface area and pore volume. The initial pH of MB solution had virtually no effect on the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of the methylene blue dye. Increasing temperature over the range from 35 to 55 °C increased the adsorption of methylene blue, presumably caused by the increase in the diffusion rate of methylene blue to the adsorption sites that could promote the interaction frequency between the adsorbent surface and the adsorbate molecules. Overall, the high surface area mesoporous carbon was superior to the microporous carbon in view of the adsorption kinetics and capacity, when both carbons were used for the removal of MB from an aqueous solution.
format	article
author	Panuwat Lawtae Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai
author_facet	Panuwat Lawtae Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai
author_sort	Panuwat Lawtae
title	The Use of High Surface Area Mesoporous-Activated Carbon from Longan Seed Biomass for Increasing Capacity and Kinetics of Methylene Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution
title_short	The Use of High Surface Area Mesoporous-Activated Carbon from Longan Seed Biomass for Increasing Capacity and Kinetics of Methylene Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution
title_full	The Use of High Surface Area Mesoporous-Activated Carbon from Longan Seed Biomass for Increasing Capacity and Kinetics of Methylene Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution
title_fullStr	The Use of High Surface Area Mesoporous-Activated Carbon from Longan Seed Biomass for Increasing Capacity and Kinetics of Methylene Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution
title_full_unstemmed	The Use of High Surface Area Mesoporous-Activated Carbon from Longan Seed Biomass for Increasing Capacity and Kinetics of Methylene Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution
title_sort	use of high surface area mesoporous-activated carbon from longan seed biomass for increasing capacity and kinetics of methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5553a82a763841598506552ffad39b2d
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The Use of High Surface Area Mesoporous-Activated Carbon from Longan Seed Biomass for Increasing Capacity and Kinetics of Methylene Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

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