Puzzling Low-Temperature Behavior of the Van Der Waals Friction Force between Metallic Plates in Relative Motion

This paper presents the results of calculating the van der Waals friction force (dissipative fluctuation-electromagnetic force) between metallic (Au) plates in relative motion at temperatures close to 1 K. The stopping tangential force arises between moving plates along with the usual Casimir force...

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Autor principal:	George Dedkov
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	van der Waals friction force Casimir force Levin-Polevoi-Rytov fluctuation-electromagnetic theory Drude model low-temperature dependence Elementary particle physics QC793-793.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/55af98fa9650477382f27aaea637f1cd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:55af98fa9650477382f27aaea637f1cd2021-11-25T19:09:41ZPuzzling Low-Temperature Behavior of the Van Der Waals Friction Force between Metallic Plates in Relative Motion10.3390/universe71104272218-1997https://doaj.org/article/55af98fa9650477382f27aaea637f1cd2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/11/427https://doaj.org/toc/2218-1997This paper presents the results of calculating the van der Waals friction force (dissipative fluctuation-electromagnetic force) between metallic (Au) plates in relative motion at temperatures close to 1 K. The stopping tangential force arises between moving plates along with the usual Casimir force of attraction, which has been routinely measured with high precision over the past two decades. At room temperatures, the former force is 10 orders of magnitude less than the latter, but at temperatures <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo><</mo><mn>50</mn><mrow><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi></mrow><mo>,</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> friction increases sharply. The calculations have been carried out in the framework of the Levin-Polevoi-Rytov fluctuation electromagnetic theory. For metallic plates with perfect crystal lattices and without defects, van der Waals friction force is shown to increase with decreasing temperature as <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. In the presence of residual resistance <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the metal, a plateau is formed on the temperature dependence of the friction force at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo>→</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> with a height proportional to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.8</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Another important finding is the weak force-distance dependence <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>~</mo><msup><mi>a</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>q</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>q</mi><mo><</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The absolute values of the friction forces are achievable for measurements in AFM-based experiments.George DedkovMDPI AGarticlevan der Waals friction forceCasimir forceLevin-Polevoi-Rytov fluctuation-electromagnetic theoryDrude modellow-temperature dependenceElementary particle physicsQC793-793.5ENUniverse, Vol 7, Iss 427, p 427 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	van der Waals friction force Casimir force Levin-Polevoi-Rytov fluctuation-electromagnetic theory Drude model low-temperature dependence Elementary particle physics QC793-793.5
spellingShingle	van der Waals friction force Casimir force Levin-Polevoi-Rytov fluctuation-electromagnetic theory Drude model low-temperature dependence Elementary particle physics QC793-793.5 George Dedkov Puzzling Low-Temperature Behavior of the Van Der Waals Friction Force between Metallic Plates in Relative Motion
description	This paper presents the results of calculating the van der Waals friction force (dissipative fluctuation-electromagnetic force) between metallic (Au) plates in relative motion at temperatures close to 1 K. The stopping tangential force arises between moving plates along with the usual Casimir force of attraction, which has been routinely measured with high precision over the past two decades. At room temperatures, the former force is 10 orders of magnitude less than the latter, but at temperatures <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo><</mo><mn>50</mn><mrow><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi></mrow><mo>,</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> friction increases sharply. The calculations have been carried out in the framework of the Levin-Polevoi-Rytov fluctuation electromagnetic theory. For metallic plates with perfect crystal lattices and without defects, van der Waals friction force is shown to increase with decreasing temperature as <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. In the presence of residual resistance <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the metal, a plateau is formed on the temperature dependence of the friction force at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo>→</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> with a height proportional to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.8</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Another important finding is the weak force-distance dependence <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>~</mo><msup><mi>a</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>q</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>q</mi><mo><</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The absolute values of the friction forces are achievable for measurements in AFM-based experiments.
format	article
author	George Dedkov
author_facet	George Dedkov
author_sort	George Dedkov
title	Puzzling Low-Temperature Behavior of the Van Der Waals Friction Force between Metallic Plates in Relative Motion
title_short	Puzzling Low-Temperature Behavior of the Van Der Waals Friction Force between Metallic Plates in Relative Motion
title_full	Puzzling Low-Temperature Behavior of the Van Der Waals Friction Force between Metallic Plates in Relative Motion
title_fullStr	Puzzling Low-Temperature Behavior of the Van Der Waals Friction Force between Metallic Plates in Relative Motion
title_full_unstemmed	Puzzling Low-Temperature Behavior of the Van Der Waals Friction Force between Metallic Plates in Relative Motion
title_sort	puzzling low-temperature behavior of the van der waals friction force between metallic plates in relative motion
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/55af98fa9650477382f27aaea637f1cd
work_keys_str_mv	AT georgededkov puzzlinglowtemperaturebehaviorofthevanderwaalsfrictionforcebetweenmetallicplatesinrelativemotion
_version_	1718410217019932672

Puzzling Low-Temperature Behavior of the Van Der Waals Friction Force between Metallic Plates in Relative Motion

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