Immune-mediated comorbidities in Saudi patients with narcolepsy

Majed Alomar,1 Aljohara S Almeneessier,1,2 Awad H Olaish,1 Abdulrahman Alshiban,1 Abdullah Alomar,1 Ahmed S BaHammam1,31The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Family and Community Medicine Department, College o...

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Autores principales:	Alomar M, Almeneessier AS, Olaish AH, Alshiban A, Alomar A, BaHammam AS
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2019
Materias:	cataplexy hypersomnolence hypersomnia allergy narcolepsy Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/55b1420d05e744bd879797f19b24a3a8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:55b1420d05e744bd879797f19b24a3a82021-12-02T05:50:16ZImmune-mediated comorbidities in Saudi patients with narcolepsy1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/55b1420d05e744bd879797f19b24a3a82019-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/immune-mediated-comorbidities-in-saudi-patients-with-narcolepsy-peer-reviewed-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Majed Alomar,1 Aljohara S Almeneessier,1,2 Awad H Olaish,1 Abdulrahman Alshiban,1 Abdullah Alomar,1 Ahmed S BaHammam1,31The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaBackground: Autoimmunity has been proposed as a cause of narcolepsy. A few studies have assessed comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with narcolepsy, with conflicting results; however, no study has assessed autoimmune diseases in Arab narcolepsy patients. This study aimed to assess the coexistence of immune-mediated conditions such as allergies, autoimmune diseases, and autoinflammatory diseases in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (with cataplexy) (NT1) and narcolepsy type 2 (without cataplexy) (NT2).Methods: Personal and family history of autoimmune/autoinflammatory and allergic disorders was collected using a questionnaire in 80 consecutive Saudi patients with narcolepsy (46 NT1 and 24 NT2), who were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition. The control group comprised 222 adults from the general population.Results: Comorbid autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases were reported by 21.4% of the NT1 patients, and 12.2% of the controls, with no significant difference between cases and controls in a model adjusted for confounding covariates. However, allergic disorders were significantly more prevalent among NT1 patients. Both comorbid autoimmune/autoinflammatory and allergic disorders were significantly more prevalent among NT2 patients compared to controls. No differences in demographic and clinical characteristics were detected between narcolepsy patients with and without autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases.Conclusion: NT1 is not associated with increased comorbid autoimmune diseases in the studied sample of Saudi patients. However, autoimmune diseases are associated with NT2, and allergic disorders are associated with both NT1 and NT2. These findings suggest the existence of dysregulation in the immune system of narcolepsy patients that requires further research.Keywords: cataplexy, hypersomnolence, hypersomnia, allergy, narcolepsyAlomar MAlmeneessier ASOlaish AHAlshiban AAlomar ABaHammam ASDove Medical PressarticlecataplexyhypersomnolencehypersomniaallergynarcolepsyPsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol Volume 11, Pp 35-43 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cataplexy hypersomnolence hypersomnia allergy narcolepsy Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	cataplexy hypersomnolence hypersomnia allergy narcolepsy Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Alomar M Almeneessier AS Olaish AH Alshiban A Alomar A BaHammam AS Immune-mediated comorbidities in Saudi patients with narcolepsy
description	Majed Alomar,1 Aljohara S Almeneessier,1,2 Awad H Olaish,1 Abdulrahman Alshiban,1 Abdullah Alomar,1 Ahmed S BaHammam1,31The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaBackground: Autoimmunity has been proposed as a cause of narcolepsy. A few studies have assessed comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with narcolepsy, with conflicting results; however, no study has assessed autoimmune diseases in Arab narcolepsy patients. This study aimed to assess the coexistence of immune-mediated conditions such as allergies, autoimmune diseases, and autoinflammatory diseases in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (with cataplexy) (NT1) and narcolepsy type 2 (without cataplexy) (NT2).Methods: Personal and family history of autoimmune/autoinflammatory and allergic disorders was collected using a questionnaire in 80 consecutive Saudi patients with narcolepsy (46 NT1 and 24 NT2), who were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition. The control group comprised 222 adults from the general population.Results: Comorbid autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases were reported by 21.4% of the NT1 patients, and 12.2% of the controls, with no significant difference between cases and controls in a model adjusted for confounding covariates. However, allergic disorders were significantly more prevalent among NT1 patients. Both comorbid autoimmune/autoinflammatory and allergic disorders were significantly more prevalent among NT2 patients compared to controls. No differences in demographic and clinical characteristics were detected between narcolepsy patients with and without autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases.Conclusion: NT1 is not associated with increased comorbid autoimmune diseases in the studied sample of Saudi patients. However, autoimmune diseases are associated with NT2, and allergic disorders are associated with both NT1 and NT2. These findings suggest the existence of dysregulation in the immune system of narcolepsy patients that requires further research.Keywords: cataplexy, hypersomnolence, hypersomnia, allergy, narcolepsy
format	article
author	Alomar M Almeneessier AS Olaish AH Alshiban A Alomar A BaHammam AS
author_facet	Alomar M Almeneessier AS Olaish AH Alshiban A Alomar A BaHammam AS
author_sort	Alomar M
title	Immune-mediated comorbidities in Saudi patients with narcolepsy
title_short	Immune-mediated comorbidities in Saudi patients with narcolepsy
title_full	Immune-mediated comorbidities in Saudi patients with narcolepsy
title_fullStr	Immune-mediated comorbidities in Saudi patients with narcolepsy
title_full_unstemmed	Immune-mediated comorbidities in Saudi patients with narcolepsy
title_sort	immune-mediated comorbidities in saudi patients with narcolepsy
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/55b1420d05e744bd879797f19b24a3a8
work_keys_str_mv	AT alomarm immunemediatedcomorbiditiesinsaudipatientswithnarcolepsy AT almeneessieras immunemediatedcomorbiditiesinsaudipatientswithnarcolepsy AT olaishah immunemediatedcomorbiditiesinsaudipatientswithnarcolepsy AT alshibana immunemediatedcomorbiditiesinsaudipatientswithnarcolepsy AT alomara immunemediatedcomorbiditiesinsaudipatientswithnarcolepsy AT bahammamas immunemediatedcomorbiditiesinsaudipatientswithnarcolepsy
_version_	1718400229177294848

Immune-mediated comorbidities in Saudi patients with narcolepsy

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