Multiple Myeloma Cell-Derived Exosomes: Implications on Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological disease that is still not curable. The bone marrow milieu, with cellular and non-cellular elements, participate in the creation of a pro-tumoral environment enhancing growth and survival of MM plasma cells. Exosomes are vesicles oscillating in dimension betwe...

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Autores principales:	Alessandro Allegra, Mario Di Gioacchino, Alessandro Tonacci, Claudia Petrarca, Caterina Musolino, Sebastiano Gangemi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	multiple myeloma exosome extracellular vesicles miRNA microenvironment immune response Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/55c0a7fdcb5148a8ae2e73f6d5b20503
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:55c0a7fdcb5148a8ae2e73f6d5b205032021-11-25T17:08:14ZMultiple Myeloma Cell-Derived Exosomes: Implications on Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies10.3390/cells101128652073-4409https://doaj.org/article/55c0a7fdcb5148a8ae2e73f6d5b205032021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2865https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological disease that is still not curable. The bone marrow milieu, with cellular and non-cellular elements, participate in the creation of a pro-tumoral environment enhancing growth and survival of MM plasma cells. Exosomes are vesicles oscillating in dimension between 50 nm and 100 nm in size that can be released by various cells and contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of MM. Exosomes enclose proteins, cytokines, lipids, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs able to regulate interactions between MM plasma cells and adjacent cells. Through exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells confer chemoresistance to MM cells, while myeloma cells promote angiogenesis, influence immune response, cause bone lesions, and have an impact on the outcome of MM patients. In this review, we analyze the role played by exosomes in the progression of monoclonal gammopathies and the effects on the proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells, and discuss the possible employment of exosomes as potential targets for the treatment of MM patients.Alessandro AllegraMario Di GioacchinoAlessandro TonacciClaudia PetrarcaCaterina MusolinoSebastiano GangemiMDPI AGarticlemultiple myelomaexosomeextracellular vesiclesmiRNAmicroenvironmentimmune responseBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 2865, p 2865 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	multiple myeloma exosome extracellular vesicles miRNA microenvironment immune response Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	multiple myeloma exosome extracellular vesicles miRNA microenvironment immune response Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Alessandro Allegra Mario Di Gioacchino Alessandro Tonacci Claudia Petrarca Caterina Musolino Sebastiano Gangemi Multiple Myeloma Cell-Derived Exosomes: Implications on Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies
description	Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological disease that is still not curable. The bone marrow milieu, with cellular and non-cellular elements, participate in the creation of a pro-tumoral environment enhancing growth and survival of MM plasma cells. Exosomes are vesicles oscillating in dimension between 50 nm and 100 nm in size that can be released by various cells and contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of MM. Exosomes enclose proteins, cytokines, lipids, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs able to regulate interactions between MM plasma cells and adjacent cells. Through exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells confer chemoresistance to MM cells, while myeloma cells promote angiogenesis, influence immune response, cause bone lesions, and have an impact on the outcome of MM patients. In this review, we analyze the role played by exosomes in the progression of monoclonal gammopathies and the effects on the proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells, and discuss the possible employment of exosomes as potential targets for the treatment of MM patients.
format	article
author	Alessandro Allegra Mario Di Gioacchino Alessandro Tonacci Claudia Petrarca Caterina Musolino Sebastiano Gangemi
author_facet	Alessandro Allegra Mario Di Gioacchino Alessandro Tonacci Claudia Petrarca Caterina Musolino Sebastiano Gangemi
author_sort	Alessandro Allegra
title	Multiple Myeloma Cell-Derived Exosomes: Implications on Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies
title_short	Multiple Myeloma Cell-Derived Exosomes: Implications on Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies
title_full	Multiple Myeloma Cell-Derived Exosomes: Implications on Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies
title_fullStr	Multiple Myeloma Cell-Derived Exosomes: Implications on Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies
title_full_unstemmed	Multiple Myeloma Cell-Derived Exosomes: Implications on Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies
title_sort	multiple myeloma cell-derived exosomes: implications on tumorigenesis, diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/55c0a7fdcb5148a8ae2e73f6d5b20503
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Multiple Myeloma Cell-Derived Exosomes: Implications on Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies

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