Manipulation of Pro-Sociality and Rule-Following with Non-invasive Brain Stimulation

Abstract Decisions are often governed by rules on adequate social behaviour. Recent research suggests that the right lateral prefrontal cortex (rLPFC) is involved in the implementation of internal fairness rules (norms), by controlling the impulse to act selfishly. A drawback of these studies is tha...

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Autores principales:	Jörg Gross, Franziska Emmerling, Alexander Vostroknutov, Alexander T. Sack
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/55cf33789a0c48bf9ebc0326a04e7803
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:55cf33789a0c48bf9ebc0326a04e78032021-12-02T15:09:04ZManipulation of Pro-Sociality and Rule-Following with Non-invasive Brain Stimulation10.1038/s41598-018-19997-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/55cf33789a0c48bf9ebc0326a04e78032018-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19997-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Decisions are often governed by rules on adequate social behaviour. Recent research suggests that the right lateral prefrontal cortex (rLPFC) is involved in the implementation of internal fairness rules (norms), by controlling the impulse to act selfishly. A drawback of these studies is that the assumed norms and impulses have to be deduced from behaviour and that norm-following and pro-sociality are indistinguishable. Here, we directly confronted participants with a rule that demanded to make advantageous or disadvantageous monetary allocations for themselves or another person. To disentangle its functional role in rule-following and pro-sociality, we divergently manipulated the rLPFC by applying cathodal or anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Cathodal tDCS increased participants’ rule-following, even of rules that demanded to lose money or hurt another person financially. In contrast, anodal tDCS led participants to specifically violate more often those rules that were at odds with what participants chose freely. Brain stimulation over the rLPFC thus did not simply increase or decrease selfishness. Instead, by disentangling rule-following and pro-sociality, our results point to a broader role of the rLPFC in integrating the costs and benefits of rules in order to align decisions with internal goals, ultimately enabling to flexibly adapt social behaviour.Jörg GrossFranziska EmmerlingAlexander VostroknutovAlexander T. SackNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jörg Gross Franziska Emmerling Alexander Vostroknutov Alexander T. Sack Manipulation of Pro-Sociality and Rule-Following with Non-invasive Brain Stimulation
description	Abstract Decisions are often governed by rules on adequate social behaviour. Recent research suggests that the right lateral prefrontal cortex (rLPFC) is involved in the implementation of internal fairness rules (norms), by controlling the impulse to act selfishly. A drawback of these studies is that the assumed norms and impulses have to be deduced from behaviour and that norm-following and pro-sociality are indistinguishable. Here, we directly confronted participants with a rule that demanded to make advantageous or disadvantageous monetary allocations for themselves or another person. To disentangle its functional role in rule-following and pro-sociality, we divergently manipulated the rLPFC by applying cathodal or anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Cathodal tDCS increased participants’ rule-following, even of rules that demanded to lose money or hurt another person financially. In contrast, anodal tDCS led participants to specifically violate more often those rules that were at odds with what participants chose freely. Brain stimulation over the rLPFC thus did not simply increase or decrease selfishness. Instead, by disentangling rule-following and pro-sociality, our results point to a broader role of the rLPFC in integrating the costs and benefits of rules in order to align decisions with internal goals, ultimately enabling to flexibly adapt social behaviour.
format	article
author	Jörg Gross Franziska Emmerling Alexander Vostroknutov Alexander T. Sack
author_facet	Jörg Gross Franziska Emmerling Alexander Vostroknutov Alexander T. Sack
author_sort	Jörg Gross
title	Manipulation of Pro-Sociality and Rule-Following with Non-invasive Brain Stimulation
title_short	Manipulation of Pro-Sociality and Rule-Following with Non-invasive Brain Stimulation
title_full	Manipulation of Pro-Sociality and Rule-Following with Non-invasive Brain Stimulation
title_fullStr	Manipulation of Pro-Sociality and Rule-Following with Non-invasive Brain Stimulation
title_full_unstemmed	Manipulation of Pro-Sociality and Rule-Following with Non-invasive Brain Stimulation
title_sort	manipulation of pro-sociality and rule-following with non-invasive brain stimulation
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/55cf33789a0c48bf9ebc0326a04e7803
work_keys_str_mv	AT jorggross manipulationofprosocialityandrulefollowingwithnoninvasivebrainstimulation AT franziskaemmerling manipulationofprosocialityandrulefollowingwithnoninvasivebrainstimulation AT alexandervostroknutov manipulationofprosocialityandrulefollowingwithnoninvasivebrainstimulation AT alexandertsack manipulationofprosocialityandrulefollowingwithnoninvasivebrainstimulation
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Manipulation of Pro-Sociality and Rule-Following with Non-invasive Brain Stimulation

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