Individual-based ant-plant networks: diurnal-nocturnal structure and species-area relationship.

Despite the importance and increasing knowledge of ecological networks, sampling effort and intrapopulation variation has been widely overlooked. Using continuous daily sampling of ants visiting three plant species in the Brazilian Neotropical savanna, we evaluated for the first time the topological...

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Autores principales:	Wesley Dáttilo, Roberth Fagundes, Carlos A Q Gurka, Mara S A Silva, Marisa C L Vieira, Thiago J Izzo, Cecília Díaz-Castelazo, Kleber Del-Claro, Victor Rico-Gray
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/55de3eedcd03485db6139e1bcfc2cb8b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:55de3eedcd03485db6139e1bcfc2cb8b2021-11-18T08:16:07ZIndividual-based ant-plant networks: diurnal-nocturnal structure and species-area relationship.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0099838https://doaj.org/article/55de3eedcd03485db6139e1bcfc2cb8b2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24918750/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Despite the importance and increasing knowledge of ecological networks, sampling effort and intrapopulation variation has been widely overlooked. Using continuous daily sampling of ants visiting three plant species in the Brazilian Neotropical savanna, we evaluated for the first time the topological structure over 24 h and species-area relationships (based on the number of extrafloral nectaries available) in individual-based ant-plant networks. We observed that diurnal and nocturnal ant-plant networks exhibited the same pattern of interactions: a nested and non-modular pattern and an average level of network specialization. Despite the high similarity in the ants' composition between the two collection periods, ant species found in the central core of highly interacting species totally changed between diurnal and nocturnal sampling for all plant species. In other words, this "night-turnover" suggests that the ecological dynamics of these ant-plant interactions can be temporally partitioned (day and night) at a small spatial scale. Thus, it is possible that in some cases processes shaping mutualistic networks formed by protective ants and plants may be underestimated by diurnal sampling alone. Moreover, we did not observe any effect of the number of extrafloral nectaries on ant richness and their foraging on such plants in any of the studied ant-plant networks. We hypothesize that competitively superior ants could monopolize individual plants and allow the coexistence of only a few other ant species, however, other alternative hypotheses are also discussed. Thus, sampling period and species-area relationship produces basic information that increases our confidence in how individual-based ant-plant networks are structured, and the need to consider nocturnal records in ant-plant network sampling design so as to decrease inappropriate inferences.Wesley DáttiloRoberth FagundesCarlos A Q GurkaMara S A SilvaMarisa C L VieiraThiago J IzzoCecília Díaz-CastelazoKleber Del-ClaroVictor Rico-GrayPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 6, p e99838 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Wesley Dáttilo Roberth Fagundes Carlos A Q Gurka Mara S A Silva Marisa C L Vieira Thiago J Izzo Cecília Díaz-Castelazo Kleber Del-Claro Victor Rico-Gray Individual-based ant-plant networks: diurnal-nocturnal structure and species-area relationship.
description	Despite the importance and increasing knowledge of ecological networks, sampling effort and intrapopulation variation has been widely overlooked. Using continuous daily sampling of ants visiting three plant species in the Brazilian Neotropical savanna, we evaluated for the first time the topological structure over 24 h and species-area relationships (based on the number of extrafloral nectaries available) in individual-based ant-plant networks. We observed that diurnal and nocturnal ant-plant networks exhibited the same pattern of interactions: a nested and non-modular pattern and an average level of network specialization. Despite the high similarity in the ants' composition between the two collection periods, ant species found in the central core of highly interacting species totally changed between diurnal and nocturnal sampling for all plant species. In other words, this "night-turnover" suggests that the ecological dynamics of these ant-plant interactions can be temporally partitioned (day and night) at a small spatial scale. Thus, it is possible that in some cases processes shaping mutualistic networks formed by protective ants and plants may be underestimated by diurnal sampling alone. Moreover, we did not observe any effect of the number of extrafloral nectaries on ant richness and their foraging on such plants in any of the studied ant-plant networks. We hypothesize that competitively superior ants could monopolize individual plants and allow the coexistence of only a few other ant species, however, other alternative hypotheses are also discussed. Thus, sampling period and species-area relationship produces basic information that increases our confidence in how individual-based ant-plant networks are structured, and the need to consider nocturnal records in ant-plant network sampling design so as to decrease inappropriate inferences.
format	article
author	Wesley Dáttilo Roberth Fagundes Carlos A Q Gurka Mara S A Silva Marisa C L Vieira Thiago J Izzo Cecília Díaz-Castelazo Kleber Del-Claro Victor Rico-Gray
author_facet	Wesley Dáttilo Roberth Fagundes Carlos A Q Gurka Mara S A Silva Marisa C L Vieira Thiago J Izzo Cecília Díaz-Castelazo Kleber Del-Claro Victor Rico-Gray
author_sort	Wesley Dáttilo
title	Individual-based ant-plant networks: diurnal-nocturnal structure and species-area relationship.
title_short	Individual-based ant-plant networks: diurnal-nocturnal structure and species-area relationship.
title_full	Individual-based ant-plant networks: diurnal-nocturnal structure and species-area relationship.
title_fullStr	Individual-based ant-plant networks: diurnal-nocturnal structure and species-area relationship.
title_full_unstemmed	Individual-based ant-plant networks: diurnal-nocturnal structure and species-area relationship.
title_sort	individual-based ant-plant networks: diurnal-nocturnal structure and species-area relationship.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/55de3eedcd03485db6139e1bcfc2cb8b
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Individual-based ant-plant networks: diurnal-nocturnal structure and species-area relationship.

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