Validation metrics of homogenization techniques on artificially inhomogenized monthly temperature networks in Sweden and Slovenia (1950–2005)

Abstract In order to correctly detect climate signals and discard possible instrumentation errors, establishing coherent data records has become increasingly relevant. However, since real measurements can be inhomogeneous, their use for assessing homogenization techniques is not directly possible, a...

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Autores principales:	Roberto Coscarelli, Giulio Nils Caroletti, Magnus Joelsson, Erik Engström, Tommaso Caloiero
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/55ebca6b46864ff0a91dd0c95b58c439
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:55ebca6b46864ff0a91dd0c95b58c4392021-12-02T18:34:01ZValidation metrics of homogenization techniques on artificially inhomogenized monthly temperature networks in Sweden and Slovenia (1950–2005)10.1038/s41598-021-97685-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/55ebca6b46864ff0a91dd0c95b58c4392021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97685-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In order to correctly detect climate signals and discard possible instrumentation errors, establishing coherent data records has become increasingly relevant. However, since real measurements can be inhomogeneous, their use for assessing homogenization techniques is not directly possible, and the study of their performance must be done on homogeneous datasets subjected to controlled, artificial inhomogeneities. In this paper, considering two European temperature networks over the 1950–2005 period, up to 7 artificial breaks and an average of 107 missing data per station were introduced, in order to determine that mean square error, absolute bias and factor of exceedance can be meaningfully used to validate the best-performing homogenization technique. Three techniques were used, ACMANT and two versions of HOMER: the standard, automated setup mode and a manual setup. Results showed that the HOMER techniques performed better regarding the factor of exceedance, while ACMANT was best with regard to absolute error and root mean square error. Regardless of the technique used, it was also established that homogenization quality anti-correlated meaningfully to the number of breaks. On the other hand, as missing data are almost always replaced in the two HOMER techniques, only ACMANT performance is significantly, negatively affected by the amount of missing data.Roberto CoscarelliGiulio Nils CarolettiMagnus JoelssonErik EngströmTommaso CaloieroNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Roberto Coscarelli Giulio Nils Caroletti Magnus Joelsson Erik Engström Tommaso Caloiero Validation metrics of homogenization techniques on artificially inhomogenized monthly temperature networks in Sweden and Slovenia (1950–2005)
description	Abstract In order to correctly detect climate signals and discard possible instrumentation errors, establishing coherent data records has become increasingly relevant. However, since real measurements can be inhomogeneous, their use for assessing homogenization techniques is not directly possible, and the study of their performance must be done on homogeneous datasets subjected to controlled, artificial inhomogeneities. In this paper, considering two European temperature networks over the 1950–2005 period, up to 7 artificial breaks and an average of 107 missing data per station were introduced, in order to determine that mean square error, absolute bias and factor of exceedance can be meaningfully used to validate the best-performing homogenization technique. Three techniques were used, ACMANT and two versions of HOMER: the standard, automated setup mode and a manual setup. Results showed that the HOMER techniques performed better regarding the factor of exceedance, while ACMANT was best with regard to absolute error and root mean square error. Regardless of the technique used, it was also established that homogenization quality anti-correlated meaningfully to the number of breaks. On the other hand, as missing data are almost always replaced in the two HOMER techniques, only ACMANT performance is significantly, negatively affected by the amount of missing data.
format	article
author	Roberto Coscarelli Giulio Nils Caroletti Magnus Joelsson Erik Engström Tommaso Caloiero
author_facet	Roberto Coscarelli Giulio Nils Caroletti Magnus Joelsson Erik Engström Tommaso Caloiero
author_sort	Roberto Coscarelli
title	Validation metrics of homogenization techniques on artificially inhomogenized monthly temperature networks in Sweden and Slovenia (1950–2005)
title_short	Validation metrics of homogenization techniques on artificially inhomogenized monthly temperature networks in Sweden and Slovenia (1950–2005)
title_full	Validation metrics of homogenization techniques on artificially inhomogenized monthly temperature networks in Sweden and Slovenia (1950–2005)
title_fullStr	Validation metrics of homogenization techniques on artificially inhomogenized monthly temperature networks in Sweden and Slovenia (1950–2005)
title_full_unstemmed	Validation metrics of homogenization techniques on artificially inhomogenized monthly temperature networks in Sweden and Slovenia (1950–2005)
title_sort	validation metrics of homogenization techniques on artificially inhomogenized monthly temperature networks in sweden and slovenia (1950–2005)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/55ebca6b46864ff0a91dd0c95b58c439
work_keys_str_mv	AT robertocoscarelli validationmetricsofhomogenizationtechniquesonartificiallyinhomogenizedmonthlytemperaturenetworksinswedenandslovenia19502005 AT giulionilscaroletti validationmetricsofhomogenizationtechniquesonartificiallyinhomogenizedmonthlytemperaturenetworksinswedenandslovenia19502005 AT magnusjoelsson validationmetricsofhomogenizationtechniquesonartificiallyinhomogenizedmonthlytemperaturenetworksinswedenandslovenia19502005 AT erikengstrom validationmetricsofhomogenizationtechniquesonartificiallyinhomogenizedmonthlytemperaturenetworksinswedenandslovenia19502005 AT tommasocaloiero validationmetricsofhomogenizationtechniquesonartificiallyinhomogenizedmonthlytemperaturenetworksinswedenandslovenia19502005
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Validation metrics of homogenization techniques on artificially inhomogenized monthly temperature networks in Sweden and Slovenia (1950–2005)

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