Closed-loop wearable naloxone injector system

Abstract Overdoses from non-medical use of opioids can lead to hypoxemic/hypercarbic respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and death when left untreated. Opioid toxicity is readily reversed with naloxone, a competitive antagonist that can restore respiration. However, there remains a critical need fo...

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Autores principales:	Justin Chan, Vikram Iyer, Anran Wang, Alexander Lyness, Preetma Kooner, Jacob Sunshine, Shyamnath Gollakota
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/55ee74ae11324e4f9465bb9adf75bc17
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:55ee74ae11324e4f9465bb9adf75bc172021-11-28T12:21:55ZClosed-loop wearable naloxone injector system10.1038/s41598-021-01990-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/55ee74ae11324e4f9465bb9adf75bc172021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01990-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Overdoses from non-medical use of opioids can lead to hypoxemic/hypercarbic respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and death when left untreated. Opioid toxicity is readily reversed with naloxone, a competitive antagonist that can restore respiration. However, there remains a critical need for technologies to administer naloxone in the event of unwitnessed overdose events. We report a closed-loop wearable injector system that measures respiration and apneic motion associated with an opioid overdose event using a pair of on-body accelerometers, and administers naloxone subcutaneously upon detection of an apnea. Our proof-of-concept system has been evaluated in two environments: (i) an approved supervised injection facility (SIF) where people self-inject opioids under medical supervision and (ii) a hospital environment where we simulate opioid-induced apneas in healthy participants. In the SIF (n = 25), our system identified breathing rate and post-injection respiratory depression accurately when compared to a respiratory belt. In the hospital, our algorithm identified simulated apneic events and successfully injected participants with 1.2 mg of naloxone. Naloxone delivery was verified by intravenous blood draw post-injection for all participants. A closed-loop naloxone injector system has the potential to complement existing evidence-based harm reduction strategies and, in the absence of bystanders, help make opioid toxicity events functionally witnessed and in turn more likely to be successfully resuscitated.Justin ChanVikram IyerAnran WangAlexander LynessPreetma KoonerJacob SunshineShyamnath GollakotaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Justin Chan Vikram Iyer Anran Wang Alexander Lyness Preetma Kooner Jacob Sunshine Shyamnath Gollakota Closed-loop wearable naloxone injector system
description	Abstract Overdoses from non-medical use of opioids can lead to hypoxemic/hypercarbic respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and death when left untreated. Opioid toxicity is readily reversed with naloxone, a competitive antagonist that can restore respiration. However, there remains a critical need for technologies to administer naloxone in the event of unwitnessed overdose events. We report a closed-loop wearable injector system that measures respiration and apneic motion associated with an opioid overdose event using a pair of on-body accelerometers, and administers naloxone subcutaneously upon detection of an apnea. Our proof-of-concept system has been evaluated in two environments: (i) an approved supervised injection facility (SIF) where people self-inject opioids under medical supervision and (ii) a hospital environment where we simulate opioid-induced apneas in healthy participants. In the SIF (n = 25), our system identified breathing rate and post-injection respiratory depression accurately when compared to a respiratory belt. In the hospital, our algorithm identified simulated apneic events and successfully injected participants with 1.2 mg of naloxone. Naloxone delivery was verified by intravenous blood draw post-injection for all participants. A closed-loop naloxone injector system has the potential to complement existing evidence-based harm reduction strategies and, in the absence of bystanders, help make opioid toxicity events functionally witnessed and in turn more likely to be successfully resuscitated.
format	article
author	Justin Chan Vikram Iyer Anran Wang Alexander Lyness Preetma Kooner Jacob Sunshine Shyamnath Gollakota
author_facet	Justin Chan Vikram Iyer Anran Wang Alexander Lyness Preetma Kooner Jacob Sunshine Shyamnath Gollakota
author_sort	Justin Chan
title	Closed-loop wearable naloxone injector system
title_short	Closed-loop wearable naloxone injector system
title_full	Closed-loop wearable naloxone injector system
title_fullStr	Closed-loop wearable naloxone injector system
title_full_unstemmed	Closed-loop wearable naloxone injector system
title_sort	closed-loop wearable naloxone injector system
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/55ee74ae11324e4f9465bb9adf75bc17
work_keys_str_mv	AT justinchan closedloopwearablenaloxoneinjectorsystem AT vikramiyer closedloopwearablenaloxoneinjectorsystem AT anranwang closedloopwearablenaloxoneinjectorsystem AT alexanderlyness closedloopwearablenaloxoneinjectorsystem AT preetmakooner closedloopwearablenaloxoneinjectorsystem AT jacobsunshine closedloopwearablenaloxoneinjectorsystem AT shyamnathgollakota closedloopwearablenaloxoneinjectorsystem
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Closed-loop wearable naloxone injector system

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