Hypothalamic Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor under Stress and Stress Resilience

This review addresses the molecular mechanisms of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) regulation in the hypothalamus under stress and stress resilience. CRF in the hypothalamus plays a central role in regulating the stress response. CRF stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release from the...

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Autores principales:	Kazunori Kageyama, Yasumasa Iwasaki, Makoto Daimon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	glucocorticoid hypothalamus corticotropin-releasing factor stress Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/55f403b234e5450db7412a68e7c36684
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:55f403b234e5450db7412a68e7c366842021-11-25T17:54:43ZHypothalamic Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor under Stress and Stress Resilience10.3390/ijms2222122421422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/55f403b234e5450db7412a68e7c366842021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12242https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067This review addresses the molecular mechanisms of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) regulation in the hypothalamus under stress and stress resilience. CRF in the hypothalamus plays a central role in regulating the stress response. CRF stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release from the anterior pituitary. ACTH stimulates glucocorticoid secretion from the adrenal glands. Glucocorticoids are essential for stress coping, stress resilience, and homeostasis. The activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is suppressed by the negative feedback from glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid-dependent repression of cAMP-stimulated <i>Crf</i> promoter activity is mediated by both the negative glucocorticoid response element and the serum response element. Conversely, the inducible cAMP-early repressor can suppress the stress response via inhibition of the cAMP-dependent <i>Crf</i> gene, as can the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in the hypothalamus. CRF receptor type 1 is mainly involved in a stress response, depression, anorexia, and seizure, while CRF receptor type 2 mediates “stress coping” mechanisms such as anxiolysis in the brain. Differential effects of FK506-binding immunophilins, FKBP4 and FKBP5, contribute to the efficiency of glucocorticoids under stress resilience. Together, a variety of factors contribute to stress resilience. All these factors would have the differential roles under stress resilience.Kazunori KageyamaYasumasa IwasakiMakoto DaimonMDPI AGarticleglucocorticoidhypothalamuscorticotropin-releasing factorstressBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12242, p 12242 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	glucocorticoid hypothalamus corticotropin-releasing factor stress Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	glucocorticoid hypothalamus corticotropin-releasing factor stress Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Kazunori Kageyama Yasumasa Iwasaki Makoto Daimon Hypothalamic Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor under Stress and Stress Resilience
description	This review addresses the molecular mechanisms of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) regulation in the hypothalamus under stress and stress resilience. CRF in the hypothalamus plays a central role in regulating the stress response. CRF stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release from the anterior pituitary. ACTH stimulates glucocorticoid secretion from the adrenal glands. Glucocorticoids are essential for stress coping, stress resilience, and homeostasis. The activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is suppressed by the negative feedback from glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid-dependent repression of cAMP-stimulated <i>Crf</i> promoter activity is mediated by both the negative glucocorticoid response element and the serum response element. Conversely, the inducible cAMP-early repressor can suppress the stress response via inhibition of the cAMP-dependent <i>Crf</i> gene, as can the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in the hypothalamus. CRF receptor type 1 is mainly involved in a stress response, depression, anorexia, and seizure, while CRF receptor type 2 mediates “stress coping” mechanisms such as anxiolysis in the brain. Differential effects of FK506-binding immunophilins, FKBP4 and FKBP5, contribute to the efficiency of glucocorticoids under stress resilience. Together, a variety of factors contribute to stress resilience. All these factors would have the differential roles under stress resilience.
format	article
author	Kazunori Kageyama Yasumasa Iwasaki Makoto Daimon
author_facet	Kazunori Kageyama Yasumasa Iwasaki Makoto Daimon
author_sort	Kazunori Kageyama
title	Hypothalamic Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor under Stress and Stress Resilience
title_short	Hypothalamic Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor under Stress and Stress Resilience
title_full	Hypothalamic Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor under Stress and Stress Resilience
title_fullStr	Hypothalamic Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor under Stress and Stress Resilience
title_full_unstemmed	Hypothalamic Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor under Stress and Stress Resilience
title_sort	hypothalamic regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor under stress and stress resilience
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/55f403b234e5450db7412a68e7c36684
work_keys_str_mv	AT kazunorikageyama hypothalamicregulationofcorticotropinreleasingfactorunderstressandstressresilience AT yasumasaiwasaki hypothalamicregulationofcorticotropinreleasingfactorunderstressandstressresilience AT makotodaimon hypothalamicregulationofcorticotropinreleasingfactorunderstressandstressresilience
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Hypothalamic Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor under Stress and Stress Resilience

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