Integration of ERT, IP and SP Methods in Hard Rock Engineering

Investigation of a hard rock site for the development of engineered structures mainly depends on the delineation of weathered and unweathered rock, and the fractures/faults. Traditionally, borehole tests are used in such investigations. However, such approaches are expensive and time-consuming, requ...

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Autores principales:	Peng Shao, Yanjun Shang, Muhammad Hasan, Xuetao Yi, He Meng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) induced polarization (IP) self-potential (SP) engineered structures hard-rock Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/55f9db533bbb42c2b5624d30de4538f1
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:55f9db533bbb42c2b5624d30de4538f1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:55f9db533bbb42c2b5624d30de4538f12021-11-25T16:37:23ZIntegration of ERT, IP and SP Methods in Hard Rock Engineering10.3390/app1122107522076-3417https://doaj.org/article/55f9db533bbb42c2b5624d30de4538f12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10752https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Investigation of a hard rock site for the development of engineered structures mainly depends on the delineation of weathered and unweathered rock, and the fractures/faults. Traditionally, borehole tests are used in such investigations. However, such approaches are expensive and time-consuming, require more equipment, cannot be conducted in steep topographic areas, and provide low coverage of the area with point measurements only. Conversely, geophysical methods are non-invasive, economical, and provide large coverage of an area through both vertical and lateral imaging of the subsurface. The geophysical method, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), can reduce a significant number of expensive drilling tests in geotechnical investigations. However, a geophysical method alone may provide ambiguity in the interpretation of the subsurface, such as electrical resistivity cannot differentiate between water and clay content. Such uncertainty can be improved by the integration of ERT with induced polarization (IP). Similarly, self-potential (SP) can be integrated with other geophysical methods to delineate the groundwater flow. In this contribution, we integrated three geophysical methods (ERT, IP and SP) to delineate the weathered and unweathered rock including the weathered/unweathered transition zone, to detect the fractures/faults, and to map the groundwater flow. Based on ERT, IP and SP results, we develop a geophysical conceptual site model which can be used by site engineers to interpret/implement the findings for build-out. Our approach fills the gaps between the well data and geological model and suggests the most suitable places for the development of engineered structures in the hard rock terrains.Peng ShaoYanjun ShangMuhammad HasanXuetao YiHe MengMDPI AGarticleelectrical resistivity tomography (ERT)induced polarization (IP)self-potential (SP)engineered structureshard-rockTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10752, p 10752 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) induced polarization (IP) self-potential (SP) engineered structures hard-rock Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) induced polarization (IP) self-potential (SP) engineered structures hard-rock Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Peng Shao Yanjun Shang Muhammad Hasan Xuetao Yi He Meng Integration of ERT, IP and SP Methods in Hard Rock Engineering
description	Investigation of a hard rock site for the development of engineered structures mainly depends on the delineation of weathered and unweathered rock, and the fractures/faults. Traditionally, borehole tests are used in such investigations. However, such approaches are expensive and time-consuming, require more equipment, cannot be conducted in steep topographic areas, and provide low coverage of the area with point measurements only. Conversely, geophysical methods are non-invasive, economical, and provide large coverage of an area through both vertical and lateral imaging of the subsurface. The geophysical method, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), can reduce a significant number of expensive drilling tests in geotechnical investigations. However, a geophysical method alone may provide ambiguity in the interpretation of the subsurface, such as electrical resistivity cannot differentiate between water and clay content. Such uncertainty can be improved by the integration of ERT with induced polarization (IP). Similarly, self-potential (SP) can be integrated with other geophysical methods to delineate the groundwater flow. In this contribution, we integrated three geophysical methods (ERT, IP and SP) to delineate the weathered and unweathered rock including the weathered/unweathered transition zone, to detect the fractures/faults, and to map the groundwater flow. Based on ERT, IP and SP results, we develop a geophysical conceptual site model which can be used by site engineers to interpret/implement the findings for build-out. Our approach fills the gaps between the well data and geological model and suggests the most suitable places for the development of engineered structures in the hard rock terrains.
format	article
author	Peng Shao Yanjun Shang Muhammad Hasan Xuetao Yi He Meng
author_facet	Peng Shao Yanjun Shang Muhammad Hasan Xuetao Yi He Meng
author_sort	Peng Shao
title	Integration of ERT, IP and SP Methods in Hard Rock Engineering
title_short	Integration of ERT, IP and SP Methods in Hard Rock Engineering
title_full	Integration of ERT, IP and SP Methods in Hard Rock Engineering
title_fullStr	Integration of ERT, IP and SP Methods in Hard Rock Engineering
title_full_unstemmed	Integration of ERT, IP and SP Methods in Hard Rock Engineering
title_sort	integration of ert, ip and sp methods in hard rock engineering
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/55f9db533bbb42c2b5624d30de4538f1
work_keys_str_mv	AT pengshao integrationofertipandspmethodsinhardrockengineering AT yanjunshang integrationofertipandspmethodsinhardrockengineering AT muhammadhasan integrationofertipandspmethodsinhardrockengineering AT xuetaoyi integrationofertipandspmethodsinhardrockengineering AT hemeng integrationofertipandspmethodsinhardrockengineering
_version_	1718413075607977984

Integration of ERT, IP and SP Methods in Hard Rock Engineering

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