The Combined Effects of ENSO and Solar Activity on Mid-Winter Precipitation Anomalies Over Southern China

Both the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the 11-years solar cycle had been identified as important factors that may influence the wintertime southern China precipitation (SCP). However, the interactions between these two factors remain less noticed. In this study, the combined effects of the...

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Autores principales:	Ruili Wang, Hedi Ma, Ziniu Xiao, Xing Li, Chujie Gao, Yuan Gao, Anwei Lai, Xiao Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	solar activity El Niño-Southern Oscillation southern China precipitation East Asian winter monsoon sea surface temperature Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/55fdd43e949d4512841d3f8089b9f9a8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:55fdd43e949d4512841d3f8089b9f9a82021-11-08T08:00:25ZThe Combined Effects of ENSO and Solar Activity on Mid-Winter Precipitation Anomalies Over Southern China2296-646310.3389/feart.2021.771234https://doaj.org/article/55fdd43e949d4512841d3f8089b9f9a82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.771234/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-6463Both the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the 11-years solar cycle had been identified as important factors that may influence the wintertime southern China precipitation (SCP). However, the interactions between these two factors remain less noticed. In this study, the combined effects of the ENSO and the solar activity on mid-winter (January) SCP are investigated using observational and reanalysis data. Results suggest that both the ENSO and the solar activity are positively correlated with the SCP, although exhibiting distinct spatial patterns. Under different combinations of the ENSO and solar phases, the SCP anomalies show superposition of these two factors to some extent. Generally, the ENSO-related SCP anomalies tend to be enhanced (disturbed) when the ENSO and the solar activity are in-phase (out-of-phase). But this solar modulation effect appears more clear and significant under cold ENSO (cENSO) phase rather than under warm ENSO (wENSO) phase. Further analysis suggests, during the wENSO phase, solar influences on the Northern Hemisphere circulation are generally weak with little significance. In contrast, during the cENSO phase, the solar effect resembles the positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation but with an evident zonal asymmetric component. Its manifestation over the Asia-Pacific domain features by negative geopotential height anomaly over the West Asia and positive geopotential height anomaly over the East Asian coast, a pattern that is favorable for the SCP, thus causing a significant solar modulation on the cENSO-related precipitation anomalies. Further, the potential physical causes of solar effects on circulation are also discussed. Our results highlight the importance of considering solar cycle phase when ENSO is used to predict the East Asian winter climate.Ruili WangRuili WangHedi MaZiniu XiaoXing LiChujie GaoYuan GaoAnwei LaiXiao LiFrontiers Media S.A.articlesolar activityEl Niño-Southern Oscillationsouthern China precipitationEast Asian winter monsoonsea surface temperatureScienceQENFrontiers in Earth Science, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	solar activity El Niño-Southern Oscillation southern China precipitation East Asian winter monsoon sea surface temperature Science Q
spellingShingle	solar activity El Niño-Southern Oscillation southern China precipitation East Asian winter monsoon sea surface temperature Science Q Ruili Wang Ruili Wang Hedi Ma Ziniu Xiao Xing Li Chujie Gao Yuan Gao Anwei Lai Xiao Li The Combined Effects of ENSO and Solar Activity on Mid-Winter Precipitation Anomalies Over Southern China
description	Both the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the 11-years solar cycle had been identified as important factors that may influence the wintertime southern China precipitation (SCP). However, the interactions between these two factors remain less noticed. In this study, the combined effects of the ENSO and the solar activity on mid-winter (January) SCP are investigated using observational and reanalysis data. Results suggest that both the ENSO and the solar activity are positively correlated with the SCP, although exhibiting distinct spatial patterns. Under different combinations of the ENSO and solar phases, the SCP anomalies show superposition of these two factors to some extent. Generally, the ENSO-related SCP anomalies tend to be enhanced (disturbed) when the ENSO and the solar activity are in-phase (out-of-phase). But this solar modulation effect appears more clear and significant under cold ENSO (cENSO) phase rather than under warm ENSO (wENSO) phase. Further analysis suggests, during the wENSO phase, solar influences on the Northern Hemisphere circulation are generally weak with little significance. In contrast, during the cENSO phase, the solar effect resembles the positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation but with an evident zonal asymmetric component. Its manifestation over the Asia-Pacific domain features by negative geopotential height anomaly over the West Asia and positive geopotential height anomaly over the East Asian coast, a pattern that is favorable for the SCP, thus causing a significant solar modulation on the cENSO-related precipitation anomalies. Further, the potential physical causes of solar effects on circulation are also discussed. Our results highlight the importance of considering solar cycle phase when ENSO is used to predict the East Asian winter climate.
format	article
author	Ruili Wang Ruili Wang Hedi Ma Ziniu Xiao Xing Li Chujie Gao Yuan Gao Anwei Lai Xiao Li
author_facet	Ruili Wang Ruili Wang Hedi Ma Ziniu Xiao Xing Li Chujie Gao Yuan Gao Anwei Lai Xiao Li
author_sort	Ruili Wang
title	The Combined Effects of ENSO and Solar Activity on Mid-Winter Precipitation Anomalies Over Southern China
title_short	The Combined Effects of ENSO and Solar Activity on Mid-Winter Precipitation Anomalies Over Southern China
title_full	The Combined Effects of ENSO and Solar Activity on Mid-Winter Precipitation Anomalies Over Southern China
title_fullStr	The Combined Effects of ENSO and Solar Activity on Mid-Winter Precipitation Anomalies Over Southern China
title_full_unstemmed	The Combined Effects of ENSO and Solar Activity on Mid-Winter Precipitation Anomalies Over Southern China
title_sort	combined effects of enso and solar activity on mid-winter precipitation anomalies over southern china
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/55fdd43e949d4512841d3f8089b9f9a8
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The Combined Effects of ENSO and Solar Activity on Mid-Winter Precipitation Anomalies Over Southern China

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