Bitter Gourd Honey Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Diabetic Complications on Type 2 Diabetes Rat Models by Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms

Honey has several pharmacological effects, including anti-diabetic activity. However, the effectiveness of bitter gourd honey (BGH) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties of BGH o...

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Autores principales:	Chandra Sekhar Arigela, Giribabu Nelli, Siew Hua Gan, Kuttulebbai Nainamohamed Salam Sirajudeen, Kumarathevan Krishnan, Nurhanan Abdul Rahman, Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	diabetes mellitus oxidative stress antioxidant enzymes inflammation Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/56237fd140cb4d06b22a9e40ccdb9cdc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:56237fd140cb4d06b22a9e40ccdb9cdc2021-11-25T17:36:47ZBitter Gourd Honey Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Diabetic Complications on Type 2 Diabetes Rat Models by Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms10.3390/foods101128722304-8158https://doaj.org/article/56237fd140cb4d06b22a9e40ccdb9cdc2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2872https://doaj.org/toc/2304-8158Honey has several pharmacological effects, including anti-diabetic activity. However, the effectiveness of bitter gourd honey (BGH) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties of BGH on the kidney and liver of a streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat model. Methods: A single dose (nicotinamide 110 mg/kg, streptozotocin (STZ) 55 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) was used to induce DM in male rats. For 28 days, normal or diabetic rats were administered 1 g/kg/day and 2 g/kg/day of BGH orally. After the treatment, blood, liver, and kidney samples were collected and analysed for biochemical, histological, and molecular parameters. In addition, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify the major bioactive components in BGH. Results: The administration of BGH to diabetic rats resulted in significant reductions in alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and urea levels. Diabetic rats treated with BGH showed lesser pathophysiological alterations in the liver and kidney as compared to non-treated control rats. BGH-treated diabetic rats exhibited reduced levels of oxidative stress (MDA levels), inflammatory (MYD88, NFKB, p-NFKB, IKKβ), and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers, as well as higher levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) in the liver and kidney. BGH contains many bioactive compounds that may have antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Conclusion: BGH protected the liver and kidney in diabetic rats by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis-induced damage. As a result, BGH can be used as a potential therapy to ameliorate diabetic complications.Chandra Sekhar ArigelaGiribabu NelliSiew Hua GanKuttulebbai Nainamohamed Salam SirajudeenKumarathevan KrishnanNurhanan Abdul RahmanVisweswara Rao PasupuletiMDPI AGarticlediabetes mellitusoxidative stressantioxidant enzymesinflammationChemical technologyTP1-1185ENFoods, Vol 10, Iss 2872, p 2872 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	diabetes mellitus oxidative stress antioxidant enzymes inflammation Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	diabetes mellitus oxidative stress antioxidant enzymes inflammation Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chandra Sekhar Arigela Giribabu Nelli Siew Hua Gan Kuttulebbai Nainamohamed Salam Sirajudeen Kumarathevan Krishnan Nurhanan Abdul Rahman Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti Bitter Gourd Honey Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Diabetic Complications on Type 2 Diabetes Rat Models by Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms
description	Honey has several pharmacological effects, including anti-diabetic activity. However, the effectiveness of bitter gourd honey (BGH) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties of BGH on the kidney and liver of a streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat model. Methods: A single dose (nicotinamide 110 mg/kg, streptozotocin (STZ) 55 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) was used to induce DM in male rats. For 28 days, normal or diabetic rats were administered 1 g/kg/day and 2 g/kg/day of BGH orally. After the treatment, blood, liver, and kidney samples were collected and analysed for biochemical, histological, and molecular parameters. In addition, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify the major bioactive components in BGH. Results: The administration of BGH to diabetic rats resulted in significant reductions in alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and urea levels. Diabetic rats treated with BGH showed lesser pathophysiological alterations in the liver and kidney as compared to non-treated control rats. BGH-treated diabetic rats exhibited reduced levels of oxidative stress (MDA levels), inflammatory (MYD88, NFKB, p-NFKB, IKKβ), and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers, as well as higher levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) in the liver and kidney. BGH contains many bioactive compounds that may have antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Conclusion: BGH protected the liver and kidney in diabetic rats by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis-induced damage. As a result, BGH can be used as a potential therapy to ameliorate diabetic complications.
format	article
author	Chandra Sekhar Arigela Giribabu Nelli Siew Hua Gan Kuttulebbai Nainamohamed Salam Sirajudeen Kumarathevan Krishnan Nurhanan Abdul Rahman Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
author_facet	Chandra Sekhar Arigela Giribabu Nelli Siew Hua Gan Kuttulebbai Nainamohamed Salam Sirajudeen Kumarathevan Krishnan Nurhanan Abdul Rahman Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
author_sort	Chandra Sekhar Arigela
title	Bitter Gourd Honey Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Diabetic Complications on Type 2 Diabetes Rat Models by Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms
title_short	Bitter Gourd Honey Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Diabetic Complications on Type 2 Diabetes Rat Models by Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms
title_full	Bitter Gourd Honey Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Diabetic Complications on Type 2 Diabetes Rat Models by Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms
title_fullStr	Bitter Gourd Honey Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Diabetic Complications on Type 2 Diabetes Rat Models by Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms
title_full_unstemmed	Bitter Gourd Honey Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Diabetic Complications on Type 2 Diabetes Rat Models by Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms
title_sort	bitter gourd honey ameliorates hepatic and renal diabetic complications on type 2 diabetes rat models by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/56237fd140cb4d06b22a9e40ccdb9cdc
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Bitter Gourd Honey Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Diabetic Complications on Type 2 Diabetes Rat Models by Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms

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